تأثیر 8 هفته تمرینات دایره ای بر سطح سرمی عامل رشد عصبی (NGF) و عوامل آمادگی جسمانی زنان سالمند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزش دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

10.22049/jahssp.2022.27654.1439

چکیده

هدف: عوامل رشد سلول­های عصبی از قبیل عامل رشد عصبی ((NGF شکل پذیری و بقای نورون­ها را در مغز موجب می­شود. بقای نورون‌ها می‌تواند عوارض سالمندی را به تأخیر بیندازد و همچنین بهبود عوامل آمادگی جسمانی می‌تواند خطر زمین خوردگی سالمندان و در نتیجه هزینه تحمیلی برای درمان را کاهش دهد. بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر 8 هفته تمرینات دایره­ای بر سطوح NGF و عوامل آمادگی جسمانی زنان سالمند بود. روش شناسی: این تحقیق از نوع  نیمه تجربی و با طرح پیش آزمون و پس آزمون بود که در آن 23 زن سالمند (سن 2/3 ± 84/64 سال، وزن 45/7 ± 71/72 کیلوگرم و قد 61/3 ± 09/157 سانتی متر) در دو گروه تمرین (12 نفر) و کنترل (11 نفر) شرکت و تمرینات دایره­ای منتخب شامل 12 حرکت مقاومتی و هوازی برای عضلات پایین تنه، بالا تنه و عضلات مرکزی بدن را سه جلسه در هفته با شدت 40 تا 60 درصد یک تکرار بیشینه به مدت یک ساعت در طی 8 هفته انجام دادند. عوامل آمادگی جسمانی و خون گیری 48 ساعت قبل و بعد از پروتکل (ناشتا) ارزیابی و جمع‌آوری شدند. عامل رشد عصبی به روش الایزا اندازه‌گیری شد. در تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون شاپیروویلک برای طبیعی بودن توزیع داده‌ها و از آزمون آنوا 2×2 و تی مستقل در سطح معنی­داری 05/0p   استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: مقایسه بین گروهی نتایج پژوهش نشان داد، هشت هفته تمرینات دایره‌ای باعث افزایش معنی‌دار سطوح  NGF (001/0≥p) همچنین بهبود استقامت قلبی-عروقی (004/0=p)، استقامت عضلانی (001/0≥p) ، تعادل (009/0=p) و کاهش ترکیب بدنی (005/0=p) می­شود. نتیجه‌گیری: تمرینات دایره‌ای منظم می‌تواند عوامل آمادگی جسمانی سالمندان را بهبود بخشد. همچنین باعث تأخیر عوارض عصبی سالمندی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of 8 weeks of circuit training on serum levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and physical fitness factors in elderly women

نویسندگان [English]

  • Javad Vakili 1
  • Vahid Sari-Sarraf 1
  • Fatemeh Baharavar 2
1 Associate professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Tabriz,, Tabriz, Iran
2 Department of exercise physiology. Faculty of physicals education and sport science. University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Aim:  Nerve cell growth factors such as nerve growth factor (NGF) cause neuronal plasticity and survival in the brain. The survival of neurons can delay the effects of aging. Improving physical fitness factors can increase the risk of falling down and the treatment cost. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of circuit training on serum levels of NGF and physical fitness factors in elderly females. Method: This present study was a quasi-experimental research design with pre-test and post-test, among 23 elderly women (age: 64.84±3.2 years, weight: 72.71±7.45 kg and height: 157.09±3.61cm) that were divided into training (n=12) and control (n=11) groups. The training group performed selected circuit training, including 12 aerobic and resistance exercise for the lower and upper torso and central muscles of the body for three sessions per week with an intensity of 40 to 60% of 1RM for an hour and 8 weeks. Physical fitness factors has been measured and fasting blood sampling were taken 48 hours before the after the training protocol. Nerve growth factor was assessed by ELISA method. Shapiro-wilk test was used for normal data distribution, analysis of variance (ANOVA) 2 × 2 and independent t-test were used at a significance level of α <0.05 in data analysis. Result:  Inter-group comparison of the results showed that eight weeks of circular training significantly increased NGF level (p≥0.001) as well as improved cardiovascular endurance (p = 0.004), muscle endurance (p≥0.001), performance ( P = 0.009) and physical reduction (p = 0.005).. Conclusion: Regular circuit training could improve the physical fitness factors and also delay the neurological index in elderly women.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Circuit base exercise
  • physical fitness
  • NGF
  • aging

 

   

 

This is an open access article distributed under the following Creative Commons license: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

1.             Walsh E.l., Smith L, Northey J, Rattray B and Cherbuin N. Towards an understanding of the physical activity-BDNF-cognition triumvirate A review of associations and dosage. Ageing Research Reviews. 2020; 60: p. 101044.
2.             valipoordehno v, Motamedi R. Evaluation of the effect of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor. salmand. 2018; 51(13): p. 431-438. [In Persian]
3.             Granacher U,  Gollhofer A,  Hortobágyi T, Kressig R, and Muehlbauer T. The importance of trunk muscle strength for balance functional performanc and fall prevention in seniors a systematic review. Sports medicine. 2013; 43(7): p. 641-627.
4.             Cadore EL, Pinto RS, Bottaro M, Izquierdo M. Strength and endurance training prescription in healthy and frail elderly. Aging and disease. 2014; 5(3): p. 183.
5.             Siparsky P, Kirkendall D and Garrett Jr w. Muscle changes in aging understanding sarcopenia. Sports health. 2014; 6(1): p. 36-40.
6.             Huggett D.L., Connelly D and Overend T. Maximal aerobic capacity testing of older adults a critical review. The Journals of Gerontology Series A. Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2005; 60(1): p. 566-7.
7.             Kim J and Kim D.-Y. Aquarobic exercises improve the serum blood irisin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in elderly women. Experimental gerontology. 2018; 104: p. 60-65.
8.             Shoaei F, Shams A,  Shamsipour Dehkordi P, Shurideh Yazdi M. Psychometric properties of strength and cardiovascular endurance items of the Persian version of functional fitness assessment test in the Iranian elderly. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2020; 15(2): p. 224-235. Khanahmadi, V., Samadi, A., Hasan Pour Ezati, M. Comparing the Effect of Air Pollution on Salivary Malondialdehyde and Total Antioxidant Capacity Response to a Bangsbo Protocol in Indoor vs. Outdoor Environment in Male Adolescent Futsal Players. Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology, 2020; 7(2): 36-44. [In Persian]
 
9.             Sakuma K and Yamaguchi A. The recent understanding of the neurotrophin's role in skeletal muscle adaptation. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 2011. 2011.
10.           Ahluwalia A, Jones MK, Hoa N, Zhu E, Brzozowski T. Reduced NGF in gastric endothelial cells is one of the main causes of impaired angiogenesis in aging gastric mucosa. Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology. 2018; 6(2): p. 199-213.
11.           Indo Y. NGF-dependent neurons and neurobiology of emotions and feelings Lessons from congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2018; 87: p. 1-16.
12.           Chae CH, Kim HT. Forced moderate-intensity treadmill exercise suppresses apoptosis by increasing the level of NGF and stimulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in the hippocampus of induced aging rats. Neurochemistry international. 2009; 55(4): p. 208-213.
13.           Khanbabazade M, and Ebrahimi Atri A. Comprision of the effect of aerobic and weight resistance training protocols on balance and neuron growth factor (NGF) on the Neuropathy–Diabetic Men. SSU_Journals, 2015; 23(2): p. 1866-1877. [In Persian]
 
14.           King J. bioenergetics primer for exercise. 2016, iran: hatmi.
15.           Dinoff A, Herrmann N, Swardfager W. The effect of exercise training on resting concentrations of peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). a meta-analysis. 2016; 11(9): p. e01.63-37
16.        Moghadasi M,  Edalatmanesh M, Moeini A, Arvin H. Effect of 8 weeks resistance training on plasma levels of nerve growth factor and interlukin-6 in female patients with multiple sclerosis. ISMJ. 2015; 18(3): p. 527-537. [In Persian]
17.           Szuhany KL, Bugatti M, Otto MW. A meta-analytic review of the effects of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Journal of psychiatric research. 2015; 60: p. 56-64.
18.           Nakhzari Khodakheir J, Haghighi AH, Hamedinia MR. The effect of combined exercise training with aerobic dominant and coenzyme Q10 supplementation on serum BDNF and NGF levels in patients with multiple sclerosis. Arak Medical University Journal. 2018; 21(3).
19.        Taheri M, Irandust kh. The effects of yoga and Pilates exercises on elder adults. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2016;4(11): p. 152-161. [In Persian]
 
20.           MacRae PG, Asplund LA, Schnelle JF, Ouslander JG, Abrahamse A, Morris C. A walking program for nursing home residents: effects on walk endurance, physical activity, mobility, and quality of life. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 1996. 44(2): p. 175-180.
21.           Zareiy H, Norasteh A, Koohboomi M and Rasht I. Effect of Combined Training (Strength and Stretching) on Balance, Risk of Falling, and Quality of Life in the Elderly. J Rehab Med. 2018; 7(2): p. 201-8.
22.        Tahmasebi S, Hamedinia MR, Askari R, Hajinia M, Jalli R. Compare the density of white and gray matter of the brain, cognitive function and some physical fitness factors in active and low active elderly women. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences. 2019; 61(6): p. 1303-1313. [In Persian]
 
23.           Roh HT, So WY. The effects of aerobic exercise training on oxidant–antioxidant balance, neurotrophic factor levels, and blood–brain barrier function in obese and non-obese men. Journal of sport and health science. 2017; 6(4): p. 447-453.
24.           Vanhanen M, Koivisto K, Moilanen L, Helkala EL, Hänninen T, Soininen H, et al. Association of metabolic syndrome with Alzheimer disease: a population-based study. Neurology, 2006. 67(5): p. 843-847.
25.           Scharfmann RA, Atouf FO, Tazi AB, Czernichow PA. Growth hormone and prolactin regulate the expression of nerve growth factor receptors in INS-1 cells. Endocrinology. 1994; 134(6): p. 2321-2328.
26.           Lopez J, Quan A, Budihardjo J, Xiang S, Wang H, Koshy K, et al. Growth hormone improves nerve regeneration, muscle re-innervation, and functional outcomes after chronic denervation injury. Scientific reports 2019; 9(1): p. 1-11.
27.           Khosravi N, Hoomenia D, Shojaei M, Eskandari Z. The effect of exercise training and sex on growth hormone (GH) secretion in active adolescents. 2010; 3:51-63. [In Persian]
28.           Khajavi D, Farokhi A, Jaberi Moghadam AA, Kazemnejad A. The impact of a training intervention program on fall-related psychological factors among male older adults in Arak. Salmand, 2014. 9(1): p. 32-39. [In Persian]
29.        Arghavani H, Zolaktaf V, Lenjannejadian S. The Effect of an 8-week Exercise Program Focused on Anticipatory Postural Adjustments on Postural Control and Motor Function in the Elderly. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2020; 15(2): p. 236-245. [In Persian]
30.           de Bruin ED, Murer K. Effect of additional functional exercises on balance in elderly people. Clinical rehabilitation. 2007; 21(2): p. 112-121.
31.           Manini T, Marko M, VanArnam T, Cook S, Fernhall B, Burke J, Ploutz-Snyder L. Efficacy of resistance and task-specific exercise in older adults who modify tasks of everyday life. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2007; 62(6): p. 616-623.
32.           Irandoust K, Taheri M. The impact of yoga and pilates exercises on older adults. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2016; 11(1): p. 152-161. [In Persian]
33.           Hosseini SS, Rostamkhany H, Naghiloo Z.  The effects of balance, mental and concurrent training on balance in healthy older males. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences. 2011; 6(2). [In Persian]
34.        Pouyafar M, Askari R, Hosseinai Kakhk SA, Damavand M, Maleki A. Comparison of the Effect of Eight Weeks of Combined Training Vibration-Rope Skipping with Two Different Intensities on Physicalphysical fitness factors in Elderly Men: A Randomized, Single Blined Clinical Trial. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2021; 17(33). 89-107. [In Persian]
35.           Segal RJ, Reid RD, Courneya KS, Malone SC, Parliament MB, Scott CG, et al. Resistance exercise in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Journal of clinical oncology. 2003; 21(9):1653-9.