اثر هشت هفته تمرینات هوازی، مقاومتی و ترکیبی بر شاخص‌های التهابی پیشگوی آترواسکلروز و ترکیب بدن زنان میانسال چاق

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

2 دانشگاه ایلام

3 گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: آترواسکلروز یک بیماری مزمن و پیشرونده است که مراحل آغازین آن در دوران کودکی شروع و تظاهرات بالینی آن در دهه چهارم زندگی ظاهر می­شود. بنابراین پیش­بینی و شناخت عوامل خطرساز این بیماری­ در درمان و پیشگیری از آن  بسیار حائز اهمیت است. همچنین تعیین یک برنامه ورزشی خاص برای ارائه به افراد مستعد بیماری­های قلبی- عروقی می‌تواند در جهت کاهش شاخص‌های پیشگوی آترواسکلروز حائز اهمیت باشد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر هشت هفته تمرینات هوازی، مقاومتی و ترکیبی بر شاخص‌های التهابی پیشگوی آترواسکلروز و ترکیب بدنی زنان میانسال چاق طراحی و اجرا شده است. روش پژوهش: تعداد 40 نفر زن میانسال چاق (30BMI≥) 45 تا 55 سال (64/3±36/47) پس از فراخوان از بین افراد واجد شرایط انتخاب و به روش تصادفی به چهار گروه 10 نفره تمرین هوازی تمرین مقاومتی تمرین ترکیبی و گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند. گروه­های تمرینی به مدت 8 هفته و هر هفته ۳ جلسه تمرینات اختصاصی خود را انجام دادند. برای بررسی متغیرهای بیوشیمیایی از آزمودنی‌ها قبل از شروع تمرینات (پیش‌آزمون) و 48 ساعت پس از پایان تمرینات (پس‌آزمون) در شرایط ناشتایی نمونه‌گیری خون انجام گرفت. سطوح سرمی هموسیستئین، فیبرینوژن و پروتئین واکنشی C با استفاده از کیت­ها و روش­های اختصاصی اندازه‌گیری شد. ترکیب بدنی نیز به وسیله دستگاه آنالیز ترکیب بدن ارزیابی گردید. یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد که ۸ هفته تمرین هوازی، مقاومتی و ترکیبی موجب کاهش سطح سرمی هموسیستئین (001/0=p) و پروتئین واکنشی C  (001/0=p) شد. همچنین تمرینات ترکیبی، سطح فیبرینوژن خون (001/0=p) و تمرینات مقاومتی، سطح فیبرینوژن خون (01/0=p) و درصد چربی بدن (01/0=p) را به شکل معنی­داری کاهش داد. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج تحقیق حاضر، به طور کلی می­توان گفت که انجام هشت هفته تمرین هوازی، مقاومتی و ترکیبی از طریق کاهش ریسک فاکتورهای التهابی از قبیل هموسیستئین، پروتئین واکنشی C و فیبرینوژن در بهبود سلامت قلب و عروق و کاهش خطر بیماری آترواسکلروز مؤثر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of eight weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined exercises on inflammatory indicators predicting atherosclerosis and body composition of obese middle-aged women

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bita Hookari 1
  • Nabi Shamsaei 2
  • Hadi Abdi 3
1 Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2
3 Department of Sport Sciences, Payam-e Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Aim:       Atherosclerosis is a chronic and progressive disease whose initial stages begin in childhood and its clinical manifestations appear in the fourth decade of life. Therefore, determining a specific exercise program to provide to people prone to cardiovascular diseases can be important in order to reduce the predictors of atherosclerosis. The current study was designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined exercises on the inflammatory indicators predicting atherosclerosis and the body composition of obese middle-aged women. Methods: Forty obese middle-aged women (BMI ≥ 30) aged 45 to 55 years (47.36±3.64) were selected from eligible individuals after being called and randomly divided into four groups: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, combined exercise, and control grou  (10 people per group). The training groups did their own training for 8 weeks and 3 sessions every week. To examine the biochemical variables, blood samples were taken from the subjects before starting the exercises (pre-test) and 48 hours after the end of the exercises (post-test) in fasting conditions. The levels of homocysteine, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein were measured using a Bionik kits. Body composition was also evaluated by body composition device. Results: The results showed that 8 weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined training decreased homocysteine​​(p=0.001) and CRP blood levels (p=0.001). Also, combined  training  significantly reduced blood fibrinogen levels (p=0.001) and resistance  training  significantly reduced blood fibrinogen levels (p=0.01) and body fat percentage (p=0.01). Conclusions: In general, it can be claimed that eight weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined training is effective in improving cardiovascular health and reducing the risk of atherosclerosis by reducing the inflammatory risk factors  such as homocysteine, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aerobic training
  • Resistance training
  • Fibrinogen
  • Homocysteine

مراجع

  1. Dehrashid KA. Effective of aerobic and anaerobic exercise training on the inflammatory markers and lipid plasma levels. Journal of Research Health 2016; 6 (2) :272-279.
  2. Davodi-Boroujerdi G, Ahmadi SM, Moradi P, Jafari M. Investigating factors affecting sleep quality in the elderly suffering from coronary artery disease. Research in Medicine. 2020;44(4):594-9. [In Persian]
  3. Olamazadeh MH, Faramarzi M. The role of physical activity and exercise in prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases in Iran. Journal of Isfahan Medical School. 2020;38(582):477-88. [In Persian]
  4. Wang Z, Nakayama T. Inflammation, a link between obesity and cardiovascular disease. Mediators of inflammation. 2010;2010(1):535918.
  5. Ghafari G, Bolboli L, Rajabi A, Saedmochshi S. The effect of 8 weeks aerobic training on predictive inflammatory markers of atherosclerosis and lipid profile in obese elderly women. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 2016;23(7):144-54. [In Persian]
  6. Vincent HK, Bourguignon C, Vincent KR. Resistance training lowers exercise‐induced oxidative stress and homocysteine levels in overweight and obese older adults. Obesity. 2006;14(11):1921-30.
  7. Soori R, Choopani S, Falahian N, Ramezankhani A. Effect of physical activity on serum homocysteine levels in obese and overweight women. Internal Medicine Today. 2016;22(4):307-12. [In Persian]
  8. Henning RJ. Obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory disease contribute to atherosclerosis: a review of the pathophysiology and treatment of obesity. American journal of cardiovascular disease. 2021;11(4):504.
  9. Thompson AM, Zhang Y, Tong W, Xu T, Chen J, Zhao L, et al. Association of obesity and biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in adults in Inner Mongolia, China. International journal of cardiology. 2011;150(3):247-52.
  10. Gill JM, Caslake MJ, McAllister C, Tsofliou F, Ferrell WR, Packard CJ, et al. Effects of short-term detraining on postprandial metabolism, endothelial function, and inflammation in endurance-trained men: dissociation between changes in triglyceride metabolism and endothelial function. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2003;88(9):4328-35.
  11. Irandoust K, Taheri M. The effect of aquatic exercises on inflammatory markers of cardiovascular disease in obese women. International Archives of Health Sciences. 2018;5(4):145-9.
  12. Tohirova J, Shernazarov F. Atherosclerosis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Science and innovation. 2022;1(D5):7-12.
  13. Alves AJ, Viana JL, Cavalcante SL, Oliveira NL, Duarte JA, Mota J, et al. Physical activity in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Overview updated. World journal of cardiology. 2016;8(10):575.
  14. Atashak S, Ghaderi L, Bashiri J. Effects of concurrent training on body composition and systemic Inflammatory indices in aged men. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2016;6:132-42. [In Persian]
  15. Ravasi A, Souri R, Salehi M. The comparison of effects Type of Intervention (Aerobic activity, caloric restriction and both of them) in equal energy levels on in inflammatory biomarkers (CRP and Fibrinogen) in obese women. Applied Research in Sport Management. 2012;1(1):59-68. [In Persian]
  16. Jafari A, Jahani M, Zabil Pour M. The effect of aerobic exercise combined with supplementation of L-arginine on the response of C-reactive protein in obese men. Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology. 2016;3(2):17-23. [In Persian]
  17. Bolla E, Tentolouris N, Sfikakis PP, Tektonidou MG. Metabolic syndrome in antiphospholipid syndrome versus rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus: association with arterial thrombosis, cardiovascular risk biomarkers, physical activity, and coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Frontiers in Immunology. 2023;13:1077166.
  18. Razaghi A, Sadeghi H. Effect of Exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Coronary Artery Biomechanical Variables in Atherosclerotic Patients: A Systematic Review Study. J Rehab Med. 2020;9(1):270-83. [In Persian]
  19. Ahmadizad S, Malekyian E, Khani E, Rahmani H. Exercise and training effects on platelet activation and function: A review article. Sport Physiology. 2019;11(43):17-38. [In Persian]
  20. Braith RW, Beck DT. Resistance exercise: training adaptations and developing a safe exercise prescription. Heart failure reviews. 2008;13:69-79.
  21. Cheraghbirjandi K., Ghasemi E, Hosseinzade M, Allahyari D. The effect of multicomponent training (aerobic, resistance and balance) on galectin-3, cardiovascular risk factors and psychological well-being in overweight elderly. Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology. 2023;10(2):54-67. [In Persian]
  22. Wannamethee SG, Lowe GD, Whincup PH, Rumley A, Walker M, Lennon L. Physical activity and hemostatic and inflammatory variables in elderly men. Circulation. 2002;105(15):1785-90.
  23. Martins RA, Neves AP, Coelho-Silva MJ, Veríssimo MT, Teixeira AM. The effect of aerobic versus strength-based training on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in older adults. European journal of applied physiology. 2010;110:161-9.
  24. Mogharnasi M, TaheriChadorneshin H, Abbasi-Deloei N. Effect of exercise training type on plasma levels of vaspin, nesfatin-1, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in overweight and obese women. Obesity medicine. 2019;13:34-8.
  25. Nelson ME, Rejeski WJ, Blair SN, Duncan PW, Judge JO, King AC, et al. Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007;116(9):1094.
  26. Tofighi A, Jamali B, Babaei S, Amaghani A. Effect of regular exercise on serum levels of homocysteine and lipid profile in obese female. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. 2017;39(5):20-7. [In Persian]
  27. Murawska-Cialowicz E, Zuwala-Jagiello J. Effects of training versus short exercise session on homocysteine levels in women with different body mass. Human Movement. 2018;19(2):18-30.
  28. Hosseini M, Mogharnasi M, Zafarmand O. The effect of eight weeks of concurrent training on Insulin resistance and plasma Resistin and Glucose levels in overweight and obese middle-aged men. Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology. 2022;9(1):35-47. [In Persian]
  29. Piralaiy E, Nikoukheslat S, Arbabi F, Rahbar S. The effect of 12 weeks of high intensity functional training and combined aerobic-resistance training on the levels of AST, ALT, AST/ALT and body composition indices in overweight and obese girls. Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology. 2024;11(1):261-77. [In Persian]
  30. Gao P, Zhang X, Yin S, Tuo H, Lin Q, Tang F, et al. Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Different Exercise Mode on Carotid Atherosclerosis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023;20(3): 2189.
  31. Oh D-H, Lee J-K. Effect of different intensities of aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise on body fat, lipid profiles, and adipokines in middle-aged women with obesity. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2023;20(5):3991.
  32. Silva AdSe, da Mota MPG. Effects of physical activity and training programs on plasma homocysteine levels: a systematic review. Amino acids. 2014;46:1795-804.
  33. Nolte K, Schwarz S, Gelbrich G, Mensching S, Siegmund F, Wachter R, et al. Effects of long‐term endurance and resistance training on diastolic function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction vs. heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. ESC heart failure. 2014;1(1):59-74.
  34. Rejeki PS, Pranoto A, Rahmanto I, Izzatunnisa N, Yosika GF, Hernaningsih Y, et al. The positive effect of four-week combined aerobic–resistance training on body composition and adipokine levels in obese females. Sports. 2023;11(4):90.
  35. Khalafi M, Habibi Maleki A, Sakhaei MH, Rosenkranz SK, Pourvaghar MJ, Ehsanifar M, et al. The effects of exercise training on body composition in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2023;14:1183765.
  36. Amiri Parsa T, Khademosharie M, Azarnive M. The effect of aerobic training on fibrinogen and blood cells in obese girls. Scientific Journal of Iran Blood Transfus Organ. 2019;16(3):217-27. [In Persian]
  37. Hejazi SM, Rashidlamir A, Jebelli A, Nornematolahi S, Ghazavi SM, Soltani M. The effects of 8 weeks aerobic exercise on levels of homocysteine, HS-CRP serum and plasma fibrinogen in type II diabetic women. Life Science Journal. 2013;10(1S):430-5.
  38. Smith J, Garbutt G, Lopes P, Pedoe DT. Effects of prolonged strenuous exercise (marathon running) on biochemical and haematological markers used in the investigation of patients in the emergency department. British journal of sports medicine. 2004;38(3):292-4.
  39. Ghanbari-Niaki A, Behzad Khameslo M, Tayebi SM. Effect of pyramidal training on plasma lipid profile and fibrinogen, and blood viscosity of untrained young men. Annals of Applied Sport Science. 2013;1(3):47-56.
  40. Balagopal P, George D, Sweeten S, Mann K, Yarandi H, Mauras N, et al. Response of fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of fibrinogen, concentration of D‐dimer and fibrinolytic balance to physical activity‐based intervention in obese children. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2008;6(8):1296-303.
  41. Avazpour S, Nemati J, Hemmatinafar M, Salesi M. The effect of a combined training period (aerobic and High Intensity Interval Training) and high intensity interval training on Homocysteine and ESR in cardiovascular patients. Research in Medicine. 2021,45(4):40-5
  42. Galeb HAM, Ezzeldin HM, Ismail SM, Elkady HM. Impact of exercise training program on markers of Atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients with blood group A. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education and Research. 2020;10(2-2020):21-6.
  43. Geffken DF, Cushman M, Burke GL, Polak JF, Sakkinen PA, Tracy RP. Association between physical activity and markers of inflammation in a healthy elderly population. American journal of epidemiology. 2001;153(3):242-50.
  44. McLaughlin T, Abbasi F, Lamendola C, Liang L, Reaven G, Schaaf P, et al. Differentiation between obesity and insulin resistance in the association with C-reactive protein. Circulation. 2002;106(23):2908-12.
  45. Esposito K, Pontillo A, Di Palo C, Giugliano G, Masella M, Marfella R, et al. Effect of weight loss and lifestyle changes on vascular inflammatory markers in obese women: a randomized trial. Jama. 2003;289(14):1799-804.
  46. Hammett CJ, Prapavessis H, Baldi JC, Varo N, Schoenbeck U, Ameratunga R, et al. Effects of exercise training on 5 inflammatory markers associated with cardiovascular risk. American heart journal. 2006;151(2): 367. e7-367.e16.
  47. Razavi Dehkordi SM, Keshavarz S, Banaei Borojeni J, Eftekhari E. The Effect of Eight Weeks of Combined Exercises on the Expression of HIF1, VEGF, UCP1 Genes, and the Body Composition of Overweight Elderly Men. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences. 2024;21(4):729-40. [In Persian]
  48. Willis LH, Slentz CA, Bateman LA, Shields AT, Piner LW, Bales CW, et al. Effects of aerobic and/or resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight or obese adults. Journal of applied physiology. 2012;113(12):1831-7.
  49. Tan S, Wang J, Cao L, Guo Z, Wang Y. Positive effect of exercise training at maximal fat oxidation intensity on body composition and lipid metabolism in overweight middle‐aged women. Clinical physiology and functional imaging. 2016;36(3):225-30.
  50. Zemel MB, Thompson W, Milstead A, Morris K, Campbell P. Calcium and dairy acceleration of weight and fat loss during energy restriction in obese adults. Obesity research. 2004;12(4):582-90.
  51. Racil G, Coquart J, Elmontassar W, Haddad M, Goebel R, Chaouachi A, et al. Greater effects of high-compared with moderate-intensity interval training on cardio-metabolic variables, blood leptin concentration and ratings of perceived exertion in obese adolescent females. Biology of sport. 2016;33(2):145-52.
  52. Nicklas BJ, Rogus EM, Goldberg AP. Exercise blunts declines in lipolysis and fat oxidation after dietary-induced weight loss in obese older women. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1997;273(1): E149-E55.
  53. Qorbani Ganjeh Z, Gholami M, Nikbakht H. Effect of resistance training with different intensities on adiponectin and lipid profiles in overweight women. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2019;8(4):47-55. [In Persian]
  54. Abbasi-daloii A, Abdi A, Ghasemi M. The effects of eight weeks of resistance training on serum levels of FGF21, LCAT and LDL-C to HDL-C ratio in obese women. Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology. 2017;13(25):15-24. [In Persian]
مطالعات کاربردی تندرستی در فیزیولوژی ورزش

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 05 بهمن 1403

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 02 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 04 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 04 بهمن 1403

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار