تاثیر تمرینات استقامتی شدید و مکمل‌یاری عصاره مریم گلی بر میزان مالون دی آلدئید و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی تام هیپوکمپ و عملکرد استقامتی رت‌های نر ویستار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 گروه فارماکوگنوزی، دانشکده دارو سازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

هدف: فعالیت­های شدید هوازی می­تواند موجب بروز فشار ­اکسایشی شده و مشکلاتی را برای دستگاه عصبی­مرکزی و نیز عملکرد جسمانی به­وجود آورد. به­همین دلیل، استفاده از مکمل­های گیاهی برای مقابله با فشار اکسایشی همواره مورد توجه پژوهشگران قرار گرفته است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثر هشت­ هفته تمرین استقامتی و مکمل­دهی عصاره ­مریم­گلی بر میزان مالون­دی­آلدئید (MDA) و ظرفیت آنتی­اکسیدانی تام (TAC)  بافت هیپوکمپ و عملکرد ­استقامتی بود. روش شناسی: در این پژوهش، تعداد 28 سر رت­ نر با میانگین سنی هشت هفته و وزن 49/4±23/210 گرم پس از یک هفته آشنایی با محیط آزمایشگاه به­طور تصادفی در پنج گروه کنترل (6 سر)، تمرین (5 سر)، عصاره (6 سر)، سالین (6 سر) و تمرین+عصاره (5 سر) قرار­گرفتند. برنامۀ تمرینی شامل 8 هفته تمرین استقامتی بر روی نوارگردان (5جلسه در هفته) بود. عصاره مریم­گلی، روزانه به میزان ml/kg 100 به­صورت گاواژ، قبل از تمرین تجویز می­شد. MDA و TAC هیپوکمپ به روش اسپکتروفتومتری، و عملکرد­ استقامتی با استفاده از آزمون وامانده­ساز دویدن روی نوار گردان مورد سنجش قرارگرفت. تجزیه­ و­تحلیل داده­ها به وسیلۀ نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 16 و با استفاده از آزمون  ANOVA در سطح  )05/0P<) انجام شد. یافته­ها: میزان MDA هیپوکمپ و عملکرد­ استقامتی در گروه تمرین نسبت به گروه کنترل بطور معنی­داری بالاتر بود )001/0P<). همچنین، مقادیر MDA در گروه تمرین+عصاره نسبت به گروه تمرین بطور معنی­داری پایین­تر بود )025/0P<). میزان TAC هیپوکمپ بین دو گروه تمرین و کنترل تفاوت معنی­داری نداشت )05/0P>). همچنین، میزان TAC و عملکرد ­استقامتی در گروه تمرین+عصاره نسبت به گروه تمرین به­طور معنی­داری بالاتر بود )05/0P<). نتیجه­گیری: تمرین­استقامتی­شدید موجب بروز فشار اکسایشی در ناحیه هیپوکمپ می­شود. به نظر می­رسد که عصاره مریم گلی در تعدیل فشار اکسایشی هیپوکمپ حین تمرینات شدید موثر بوده و باعث بهبود عملکرد استقامتی می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Strenuous Endurance Training and Salvia Officinalis Supplementation on the Levels of Hippocampal Malondialdehyde and Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Endurance Performance of Male Wistar Rats

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Neamati 1
  • Ahmad Rahmani 1
  • Akram Karimi Asl 1
  • Mehdi Tavakoli Zadeh Isfahani 2
  • Agha Ali Ghasemnian 1
1 Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Aim:      Intense aerobic activities can increase oxidative stress in the central nervous system, compromising physical performance. Herbal supplements have been studied for their potential to counteract oxidative stress. This study investigated the impact of eight weeks of endurance training and Salvia Officinalis extract supplementation on hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels and endurance performance in male Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats, after one week of acclimation, randomly were divided into five groups: control (n=6), exercise (n=5), extract (n=6), saline (n=6), and exercise-extract (n=5). The exercise program consisted of eight weeks of endurance training on a treadmill, with five sessions per week. The animals received a dose of 100 ml/kg bodyweight of Salvia Officinalis extract by oral gavage before each exercise session. Hippocampal MDA and TAC levels were determined via spectrophotometry, while endurance performance was evaluated through an exhaustion test. Statistical analyses were conducted utilizing SPSS version 16 and ANOVA tests at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Compared to the control group, the exercise group displayed elevated hippocampal MDA levels (p<0.001). Moreover, the exercise-extract group had significantly reduced MDA levels compared to the exercise group (p=0.025). No significant differences in hippocampal TAC levels were observed between the exercise and control groups (p>0.05). However, both the TAC levels and endurance performance of the exercise-extract group were considerably enhanced compared to the exercise group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that intense endurance exercise leads to oxidative stress in the hippocampal area. Supplementation with Salvia Officinalis extract seems to effectively mitigate oxidative stress caused by intense exercise, ultimately improving endurance performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Physical Endurance
  • Malondialdehyde
  • Antioxidant
  • Salvia Officinalis

مراجع

  1. Laursen PB, Jenkins DG. The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training. Sports medicine. 2002;32(1):53-73.
  2. Gul M, Demircan B, Taysi S, Oztasan N, Gumustekin K, Siktar E, et al. Effects of endurance training and acute exhaustive exercise on antioxidant defense mechanisms in rat heart. 2006;143(2):239-45.
  3. Gorzi A, Ekradi SJSP. The effect of intake duration of curcumin supplementation during strenuous endurance training on GPX activity and MDA levels of liver, heart and skeletal muscle in male Wistar rats. 2020;12(46):139-56.[In Persian]
  4. Gharakhanlou R, Afzalpour ME, Gaeini AA, Rahnama N. Effects of aerobic exercises on the serum paraoxonase 1/arylesterase activity and lipid profile in non-active healthy men. International Journal of Sports Science and Engineering. 2007;1:105-12.
  5. Katerji M, Filippova M, Duerksen-Hughes P. Approaches and Methods to Measure Oxidative Stress in Clinical Samples: Research Applications in the Cancer Field. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2019;2019:1279250.
  6. Miller NJ, Rice-Evans C, Davies MJ, Gopinathan V, Milner A. A novel method for measuring antioxidant capacity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant status in premature neonates. Clinical science (London, England: 1979). 1993;84(4):407-12.
  7. Fisher E, Wood SJ, Elsworthy RJ, Upthegrove R, Aldred SJTP. Exercise as a protective mechanism against the negative effects of oxidative stress in first-episode psychosis: a biomarker-led study. 2020;10(1):254.
  8. Briviba K, Watzl B, Nickel K, Kulling S, Bös K, Haertel S, et al. A half-marathon and a marathon run induce oxidative DNA damage, reduce antioxidant capacity to protect DNA against damage and modify immune function in hobby runners. 2005;10(6):325-31.
  9. Skenderi K, Tsironi M, Lazaropoulou C, Anastasiou C, Matalas AL, Kanavaki I, et al. Changes in free radical generation and antioxidant capacity during ultramarathon foot race. 2008;38(3):159-65.
  10. Karimiasl A, Ghasemikalateh F, Rahmani A, Norouzi HRJJoAHSiSP. The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training and Endurance Training Along With Jujube Supplement Consumption on the State of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Capacities of Testicular Tissue of Immature Male Wistar Rats. 2023;10(1):67-82.[In Persian]
  11. de Souza RF, de Moraes SRA, Augusto RL, de Freitas Zanona A, Matos D, Aidar FJ, et al. Endurance training on rodent brain antioxidant capacity: A meta-analysis. 2019;145:1-9.
  12. Armstrong LE, VanHeest JL. The unknown mechanism of the overtraining syndrome: clues from depression and psychoneuroimmunology. Sports medicine (Auckland, NZ). 2002;32(3):185-209.
  13. Meeusen R, Duclos M, Foster C, Fry A, Gleeson M, Nieman D, et al. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: Joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science (ECSS) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). 2013;13(1):1-24.
  14. Gorzi A, Rahmani A, Mohammadi Z, Neto WKJMBR. Effects of different lengths of high-intensity interval training microcycles on the systemic and hippocampal inflammatory state and antioxidant balance of immature rats. 2021;48(6):5003-11.
  15. Huang T-T, Zou Y, Corniola R. Oxidative stress and adult neurogenesis—Effects of radiation and superoxide dismutase deficiency. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. 2012;23(7):738-44.
  16. de Oliveira MR, Silvestrin RB, e Souza TM, Moreira JCFJN. Oxidative stress in the hippocampus, anxiety-like behavior and decreased locomotory and exploratory activity of adult rats: effects of sub acute vitamin A supplementation at therapeutic doses. 2007;28(6):1191-9.
  17. Jahangiri Z, Gholamnezhad Z, Hosseini M, Beheshti F, Kasraie NJTjops. The effects of moderate exercise and overtraining on learning and memory, hippocampal inflammatory cytokine levels, and brain oxidative stress markers in rats. 2019;69(6):993-1004.
  18. Standley R. Effects of High Dose Fish Oil Supplementation on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (Doms) and Inflammatory Markers. 2009.
  19. Govahi M, Ghalavand A, Nadjafi F, Sorooshzadeh A. Comparing different soil fertility systems in Sage (Salvia officinalis) under water deficiency. Industrial Crops and Products. 2015;74:20-7.
  20. Kim SY, Park E, Park JA, Choi B-S, Kim S, Jeong G, et al. The plant phenolic diterpene carnosol suppresses sodium nitroprusside-induced toxicity in c6 glial cells. 2010;58(3):1543-50.
  21. de Melo GAN, Fonseca JP, Farinha TO, do Pinho RJ, Damião MJ, Grespan R, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of Salvia officinalis L. 2012;6(35):4934-9.
  22. Çadirci E, Süleyman H, Gürbüz P, UZ A, Güvenalp Z, DEMİREZER LÖ. Anti-inflammatory effects of different extracts from three Salvia species. Turkish Journal of Biology. 2012;36(1):59-64.
  23. Gorzi A, Rajabi H, Gharakhanlou R, Azad A. Effects of Endurance Training on A12 Acetyl Cholinesterase Activity in Fast and Slow-Twitch Skeletal Muscles of Male Wistar Rats. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2013;15(10):28-31.
  24. Gomar A, Hosseini A, Mirazi N, Gomar M. Effect of Alcoholic Salvia officinale Extract on Analgesia Induced by Hyoscine in Adult Male Wistar Rats %J Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. 2015;15(3):237-45.
  25. Kar A, Panda S, Bharti S. Relative efficacy of three medicinal plant extracts in the alteration of thyroid hormone concentrations in male mice. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2002;81(2):281-5.
  26. MirdarHarijani S, Nejabat M, Hajizadeh Moghadam A. Effect of one session endurance exhausting exercise on some coagulation markers of mature and immature wistar rats. ISMJ. 2013;16(2):80-91.
  27. Ferraresso RLP, Buscariolli de Oliveira R, Macedo DV, Alessandro Soares Nunes Lz, Brenzikofer R, Damas D, et al. Interaction between overtraining and the interindividual variability may (not) trigger muscle oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity.2012.
  28. Jain SK, McVie R, Duett J, Herbst JJ. Erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetes. Diabetes. 1989;38(12):1539-43.
  29. Radak Z, Ishihara K, Tekus E, Varga C, Posa A, Balogh L, et al. Exercise, oxidants, and antioxidants change the shape of the bell-shaped hormesis curve. 2017;12:285-90.
  30. Radak Z, Chung HY, Goto SJFRB, Medicine. Systemic adaptation to oxidative challenge induced by regular exercise. 2008;44(2):153-9.
  31. Abbah J, Vacher CM, Goldstein EZ, Li Z, Kundu S, Talbot B, et al. Oxidative Stress-Induced Damage to the Developing Hippocampus Is Mediated by GSK3β. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2022;42(24):4812-27.
  32. Sies H, Jones DPJNrMcb. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents. 2020;21(7):363-83.
  33. Fatima N, Tabassum A. Effect of salvia officinalis on neuromodulating and oxidative stress status in brain of male albino wistar rats intoxicated with aluminium. ACTA Pharmaceutica Sciencia. 2020;58(3).
  34. Rahimi G, Heydari S, Rahimi B, Abedpoor N, Niktab I, Safaeinejad Z, et al. A combination of herbal compound (SPTC) along with exercise or metformin more efficiently alleviated diabetic complications through down-regulation of stress oxidative pathway upon activating Nrf2-Keap1 axis in AGE rich diet-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Nutrition & metabolism. 2021;18:1-14.
  35. Massadeh AM, Alzoubi KH, Melhim AM, Rababa’h AM. Assessing the Influence of Salvia triloba on Memory Deficit Caused by Sleep Deprivation in the Context of Oxidative Stress. Current Alzheimer Research. 2022;19(6):440-8.
  36. Lima CF, Andrade PB, Seabra RM, Fernandes-Ferreira M, Pereira-Wilson C. The drinking of a Salvia officinalis infusion improves liver antioxidant status in mice and rats. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2005;97(2):383-9.
  37. BOUFADI MY, KEDDARI S, MOULAI-HACENE F, Sara CJPJ. Chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Salvia officinalis extract from Algeria. 2021;13(2).
  38. Ma Z, Lu Y, Yang F, Li S, He X, Gao Y, et al. Rosmarinic acid exerts a neuroprotective effect on spinal cord injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/NF-κB pathways. 2020;397:115014.
  39. Cui H-Y, Zhang X-J, Yang Y, Zhang C, Zhu C-H, Miao J-Y, et al. Rosmarinic acid elicits neuroprotection in ischemic stroke via Nrf2 and heme oxygenase 1 signaling. 2018;13(12):2119.
  40. Joyner MJ, Coyle EFJTJop. Endurance exercise performance: the physiology of champions. 2008;586(1):35-44.
  41. Hawley JA, Noakes TDJEjoap, physiology o. Peak power output predicts maximal oxygen uptake and performance time in trained cyclists. 1992;65:79-83.
  42. Babault N, Noureddine A, Amiez N, Guillemet D, Cometti C. Acute effects of Salvia supplementation on cognitive function in athletes during a fatiguing cycling exercise: a randomized cross-over, placebo-controlled, and double-blind study. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2021;8:949.
  43. Gaballah A, Elnawasry H, Santos JA, Bressel E. The effect of pilates exercise with sage herbal consumption on respiratory functions for soccer players. American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2016;4(4):103-8.
  44. Jiping S. Antifatigue effect of aqueous extract of salvia in endurance training rats' skeletal muscle. International Journal of Physical Sciences. 2011;6:2697-700.
  45. De Bock K, Eijnde BO, Ramaekers M, Hespel PJIjosn, metabolism e. Acute Rhodiola rosea intake can improve endurance exercise performance. 2004;14(3).
  46. Allen JD, McLung J, Nelson AG, Welsch MJJotACoN. Ginseng supplementation does not enhance healthy young adults’ peak aerobic exercise performance. 1998;17(5):462-6.
  47. Kruk J, Aboul-Enein BH, Duchnik E, Marchlewicz M. Antioxidative properties of phenolic compounds and their effect on oxidative stress induced by severe physical exercise. The Journal of Physiological Sciences. 2022;72(1):19.
  48. D’Amico E, Factor-Litvak P, Santella RM, Mitsumoto H. Clinical perspective on oxidative stress in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2013;65:509-27.
  49. Powers SK, Nelson WB, Hudson MBJFRB, Medicine. Exercise-induced oxidative stress in humans: cause and consequences. 2011;51(5):942-50.
مطالعات کاربردی تندرستی در فیزیولوژی ورزش
دوره 11، شماره 2
مهر 1403
صفحه 82-92

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 30 دی 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 16 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 اردیبهشت 1403

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار