پاسخ کراتین‌کیناز، ‌استروژن و پروژسترون به یک جلسه فعالیت اینتروال شدید در زنان جوان غیرفعال

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران.

2 اسنادیار فیزیولوزی ورزشی گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: مطالعات به نقش محافظتی هورمونهای جنسی زنان در مقایسه با مردان در برابر اختلال در غشای عضلانی به دنبال ورزش شدید اشاره کرده اند. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی پاسخ کراتین‌کیناز، ‌استروژن و پروژسترون به یک جلسه فعالیت اینتروال شدید در زنان جوان غیرفعال بود. روش شناسی: 24 زن جوان غیرفعال (18 تا 30 ساله و VO2max<30 ml/kg/ml) با چرخه قاعدگی منظم به طور تصادفی در دو گروه فعالیت اینتروال شدید (12 نفر) و کنترل (12 نفر) قرار گرفتند. تمرین اینتروال شدید در شش تکرار (3 ستی) به مدت یک دقیقه‌ با شدت 95-90 درصد حداکثر ضربان قلب با مجموع زمان استراحت ده دقیقه بین ست­ها و تکرارها به وسیله تردمیل با شیب دو درصدی اجرا شد. قبل و ده دقیقه بعد از فعالیت، نمونه‌‌های خونی جهت اندازه‌گیری کراتین کیناز(CK)، استروژن، پروژسترون  و هموگلوبین (شیفت پلاسما) جمع آوری شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها به کمک آزمون ANCOVA و رگرسیون خطی درسطح آماری 05/0>P و با SPSS23 انجام ‌شد. یافته‌ها: افزایش معناداری در سطح سرمی CK و استروژن گروه تجربی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل بعد از فعالیت مشاهده شد (05/0>P). بین سطوح پایه پروژسترون و پاسخ CK ارتباط معناداری وجود داشت (016/0=P). طبق نتایج رگرسیون خطی و با توجه به سطح پایه پروژسترون، پاسخ CK به ورزش شدید قابل پیش بینی بود (8/31%). نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به ارتباط پروژسترون با کاهش پاسخ CK، به نظر می­رسد اجرای فعالیت­های ورزشی شدید در فازهای قاعدگی با سطوح بالای پروژسترون (فاز مید لوتئال) به منظور کاهش آسیب عضلانی بیشتر در زنان بهتر باشد. با این حال، به دلیل پایین بودن توان پیش بینی پروژسترون ( %31.8) به مطالعات بیشتری با تعداد نمونه های بالا نیاز است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Creatine Kinase, Estrogen and Progesterone Responses to a Single Bout of High-intensity Interval Training in Inactive Young Women

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahsa Sadatjannati 1
  • Azam Zarneshan 2
  • Roghayeh Fakhrpour 2
1 , Department of Sport Sciencess, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
2 ,Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Aim:   studies have demonstrated a protective effects of female sex hormones against muscle membrane disorders in compared to men following high-intensity exercises. The aim of this study was to evaluate the creatine kinase, estrogen and progesterone responses to a single bout of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and as well as the relationship between sex hormones and CK response in inactive young women. Methods: 24 young inactive women (18–30-year-old and VO2max<30 ml/kg/mil) with regular menstrual cycles were randomly divided in 2 groups: HIIT or experimental (n = 12) and control (n = 12). The experimental group performed HIIE by a treadmill with a slope of 2% in six repetitions (3 sets) for one minute with an intensity of 90-95% HRmax with a total rest time of ten minutes between sets and repetitions. Before and ten minutes after exercise, blood samples were collected to measure creatine kinase (CK), estrogen, progesterone and hemoglobin (plasma shift). Data analysis was performed by using ANCOVA test and linear regression at the statistical level of P <0.05 and SPSS 23. Results:  Significant increases were recorded in CK and estrogen in experimental group compared with control group (P<0.05). There was a significant relationship between baseline progesterone levels and CK response (P= 0.016). According to the results of linear regression, CK response to HIIE in women can be predicted based on the baseline progesterone level (31.8%). Conclusions:  Given that progesterone led to decreased CK response, it seems that it is better to perform vigorous intensity exercises in the menstrual phases with high levels of progesterone (mid-luteal phase) in order to reduce further muscle damage in women.    However, due to the low predictive power of progesterone (31.8%), more studies are needed with more samples.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Creatine kinase
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
  • HIIT

   

 

This is an open access article distributed under the following Creative Commons license: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

  1. Kim J, Lee J, Kim S, Ryu HY, Cha KS, Sung DJ. Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis mechanisms and prevention: A literature review. Journal of sport and health science. 2016;5(3):324-33.
  2. Mackey AL, Donnelly AE, Swanton A, Murray F, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T. The effects of impact and non-impact exercise on circulating markers of collagen remodelling in humans. J Sports Sci. 2006;24(8):843-8.
  3. dos Santos JDM, dos Santos JL, Vieira-Souza LM, de Oliveira JU, Sena Junior AS, DE LIMA C, et al. Effects of HIIT Associated with Coutoubea spicata Supplementation on Tissue and Oxidative damage Biomarkers in Wistar Rats. Int J Morphol. 2022;1(2):2.
  4. Sarkar S, Debnath M, Das M, Bandyopadhyay A, Dey SK, Datta G. Effect of high intensity interval training on antioxidant status, inflammatory response and muscle damage indices in endurance team male players. Apunts Sports Medicine. 2021;56(210):100352.
  5. ATASHAK S, Kianmarz BV. The Acute Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Muscle Soreness Markers and C-reactive Protein (CRP) After High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) in Active Girls. 2021.
  6. Mougios V. Reference intervals for serum creatine kinase in athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41(10):674-8.
  7. Stupka N, Lowther S, Chorneyko K, Bourgeois J, Hogben C, Tarnopolsky M. Gender differences in muscle inflammation after eccentric exercise. Journal of applied physiology. 2000;89(6):2325-32.
  8. Thompson HS, Scordilis SP, De Souza MJ. Serum creatine kinase activity varies with ovulatory status in regularly exercising, premenopausal women. Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 2006;65(3):151-8.
  9. Wolf MR, Fragala MS, Volek JS, Denegar CR, Anderson JM, Comstock BA, et al. Sex differences in creatine kinase after acute heavy resistance exercise on circulating granulocyte estradiol receptors. European journal of applied physiology. 2012;112(9):3335-40.
  10. Smith-Ryan AE, Cabre HE, Eckerson JM, Candow DG. Creatine supplementation in women’s health: A lifespan perspective. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):877.
  11. Arnett MG, Hyslop R, Dennehy CA, Schneider CM. Age-related variations of serum CK and CK MB response in females. Can J Appl Physiol. 2000;25(6):419-29.
  12. Smith I, Elton RA, Thomson WH. Carrier detection in X-linked recessive (Duchenne) muscular dystrophy: serum creatine phosphokinase values in premenarchal, menstruating, postmenopausal and pregnant normal women. Clin Chim Acta. 1979;98(3):207-16.
  13. Romero-Parra N, Rael B, Alfaro-Magallanes VM, de Jonge XJ, Cupeiro R, Peinado AB. The effect of the oral contraceptive cycle phase on exercise-induced muscle damage after eccentric exercise in resistance-trained women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2021;35(2):353-9.
  14. Cerqueira É, Marinho DA, Neiva HP, Lourenço O. Inflammatory effects of high and moderate intensity exercise—A systematic review. Frontiers in physiology. 2020:1550.
  15. Moghadam-Kia S, Oddis CV, Aggarwal R. Approach to asymptomatic creatine kinase elevation. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine. 2016;83(1):37.
  16. Romero-Parra N, Barba-Moreno L, Rael B, Alfaro-Magallanes VM, Cupeiro R, Díaz ÁE, et al. Influence of the menstrual cycle on blood markers of muscle damage and inflammation following eccentric exercise. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(5):1618.
  17. Bekkelund SI. Leisure physical exercise and creatine kinase activity. The Tromsø study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2020;30(12):2437-44.
  18. Friden J, Lieber RL. Eccentric exercise‐induced injuries to contractile and cytoskeletal muscle fibre components. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 2001;171(3):321-6.
  19. Bonen A, Ling WY, MacIntyre KP, Neil R, McGrail JC, Belcastro AN. Effects of exercise on the serum concentrations of FSH, LH, progesterone, and estradiol. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology. 1979;42(1):15-23.
  20. Cho GJ, Han SW, Shin J-H, Kim T. Effects of intensive training on menstrual function and certain serum hormones and peptides related to the female reproductive system. Medicine. 2017;96(21).
  21. Matomäki P, Kainulainen H, Kyröläinen H. Corrected whole blood biomarkers–the equation of Dill and Costill revisited. Physiological reports. 2018;6(12):e13749.
  22. Nazari M, Kordi MR, Choobineh S. The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Gelatinase-A (MMP-2) Serum Levels and Muscle Damage Indices in Young Sedentary Girls. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences. 2015;18(1):78-86.
  23. Cipryan L. The effect of fitness level on cardiac autonomic regulation, IL-6, total antioxidant capacity, and muscle damage responses to a single bout of high-intensity interval training. Journal of sport and health science. 2018;7(3):363-71.
  24. Sawai A, Mitsuhashi R, Zaboronok A, Warashina Y, Mathis BJ. Serum Creatine Kinase Increases after Acute Strength Training in College Athletes with Menstrual Irregularities. Women. 2021;1(2):71-9.
  25. Dieli-Conwright CM, Spektor TM, Rice JC, Schroeder ET. Hormone therapy attenuates exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage in postmenopausal women. Journal of applied physiology. 2009;107(3):853-8.
  26. Oosthuyse T, Bosch AN. The effect of gender and menstrual phase on serum creatine kinase activity and muscle soreness following downhill running. Antioxidants. 2017;6(1):16.
  27. Iqbal S, Thomas A, Bunyan K, Tiidus PM. Progesterone and estrogen influence postexercise leukocyte infiltration in overiectomized female rats. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2008;33(6):1207-12.
  28. Romero-Parra N, Cupeiro R, Alfaro-Magallanes VM, Rael B, Rubio-Arias JÁ, Peinado AB, et al. Exercise-induced muscle damage during the menstrual cycle: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2021;35(2):549-61.
  29. Aksoy AN, Toker A, Celık M, Aksoy M, Halıcı Z, Aksoy H. The effect of progesterone on systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in the rat model of sepsis. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 2014;46(6):622.
  30. Hornung RS, Benton WL, Tongkhuya S, Uphouse L, Kramer PR, Averitt DL. Progesterone and allopregnanolone rapidly attenuate estrogen-associated mechanical allodynia in rats with persistent temporomandibular joint inflammation. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience. 2020;14:26.
  31. Nakagawa H, MIN KR, Nanjo K, TSURUFUJI S. Anti-inflammatory action of progesterone on carrageenin-induced inflammation in rats. The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 1979;29(4):509-14.
  32. Nakamura Y, Aizawa K, Imai T, Kono I, Mesaki N. Hormonal responses to resistance exercise during different menstrual cycle states. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2011;43(6):967-73.