تاثیر تمرین با شدت های مختلف بر شاخص منتخب آپوپتوزی در بافت کبد رت های نر نژاد ویستار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور کرج ،البرز،ایران

2 استاد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: کبد یکی از اندام­های حیاتی بدن است که نقش بسیار مهمی در متابولیسم مواد، سم زدایی داروها و دفع مواد مضر از بدن دارد و نارسایی­های کبدی به عنوان یکی از خطرات جدی سلامتی بشر محسوب می­شوند. آپوپتوز یکی از ویژگی­های برجسته بیماری­های کبد است. پیشرفت بیماری کبد تحت تاثیر تعادل بین توانایی­های آپوپتوزی و ضد آپوپتوزی قرار دارد. هدف پژوهش کنونی، بررسی تغییرات شاخص منتخب آپوپتوز در بافت کبد رت­های نر ویستار ناشی از انجام سه پروتکل تمرین ورزشی بود. روش شناسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، 32 سر رت (8 هفته­ای) به طور تصادفی به چهار گروه هشت تایی کنترل، تمرین هوازی با شدت متوسط، هوازی پرشدت و تمرین هوازی تناوبی پرشدت تقسیم شدند. مدت تمرینات هشت هفته، پنج جلسه در هفته بود. 24 ساعت بعد از آخرین جلسه تمرین، نمونه­های بافت بطن کبد استخراج شد و در دمای 80- درجه سانتی گراد تا زمان آزمایش نگهداری شد. برای آزمون فرضیه­های پژوهش از آزمون ANOVA یک طرفه و برای مقایسه بین گروهی از آزمون تعقیبی توکی استفاده شد.  یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که نسبت به گروه کنترل، بیان ژن 21P در هر سه گروه تمرین هوازی با شدت متوسط، هوازی پرشدت و تمرین هوازی تناوبی پرشدت به طور معنی­داری کاهش یافته است (001/0P≤)، به طوری به ترتیب  به میزان 0018/0 واحد، 0017/0 واحد و 001/0 واحد نسبت به گروه کنترل کاهش داشته است. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد پروتکل­های ورزشی پژوهش کنونی اثرات یکسانی برکاهش بیان ژن 21P در بافت کبد دارند. بنابراین، می­تواند به عنوان یک سازوکار پیشگیرانه جهت جلوگیری و یا کاهش آپوپتوز بافت کبدی مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of exercise with different intensities on the selected index of apoptosis in the liver tissue of male Wistar rats

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soodabeh Ghanbari 1
  • Ali Asghar Ravasi 2
  • Mohammad Shariatzade Joneidi 3
1 Master of science Karaj Payame Noor University ,Karaj , Iran
2 Professor of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Aim: The liver is one of the vital organs of the body that plays a very important role in metabolism, detoxification of drug, excretion of harmful substances from the body, and liver failure is considered as one of the serious risks to human health. Apoptosis is one of those noticeable feature of liver disease. Liver disease increasing affected by the balance between apoptotic and anti-apoptotic abilities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in the selected index of apoptosis the liver tissue of male Wistar rats resulting from three exercise training protocols. Methods: In This experimental study, Thirty-two rats )8 weeks) were divided into four groups of eight: control, Moderate Intensity Training (MIT), High Intensity training (HIT), High intensity interval training (HIIT). The training lasted eight weeks, five sessions per week. 24 hours after the last training session, liver ventricular tissue samples were extracted and stored at -80 ° C until the experiment. One-way ANOVA test was used to test the research hypotheses and Tukey post-hoc test was used for group comparison. Results: The results showed that compared to the control group, P21 gene expression was significantly reduced in all three groups of MIT, HIT and HIIT ( P≤0/001) So that it has decreased by 0.0018 units, 0.0017 units and 0.001 units, respectively, compared to the control group. Conclusions: The results showed that the sports protocols of the current study have the same effects on reducing the expression of P21 gene in liver tissue. Therefore, it can be considered as a preventive mechanism to prevent or reduce liver apoptosis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • gene expression
  • Liver tissue
  • apoptosis
  • Protein P21

مراجع

1.             Malhi H, Gores GJ, Lemasters JJ. Apoptosis and necrosis in the liver: a tale of two deaths? Hepatology. 2006;43(S1):S31-S44.
2.             Guicciardi ME, Malhi H, Mott JL, Gores GJ. Apoptosis and necrosis in the liver. Comprehensive Physiology. 2013;3(2):977-1010.
3.             Porbak  Z BK. An over view of apoptosis and its role on health and disease. Razi. 2003;11(4):20-8.
4.             Shapiro GI, Harper JW. Anticancer drug targets: cell cycle and checkpoint control. The Journal of clinical investigation. 1999;104(12):1645-53.
5.             Phaneuf S, Leeuwenburgh C. Apoptosis and exercise. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2001;33(3):393-6.
6.             Farokhpour M EM. Molecular basis of Apoptosis. Razi. 2007;6(18):41-4.
7.             Schwabe RF, Luedde T. Apoptosis and necroptosis in the liver: a matter of life and death. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2018;15(12):738-52.
8.             Hajighasem A, Farzanegi P, Mazaheri Z. Effects of combined therapy with resveratrol, continuous and interval exercises on apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers in the liver of old rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Archives of physiology and biochemistry. 2019;125(2):142-9.
9.             Minamino T, Orimo M, Shimizu I, Kunieda T, Yokoyama M, Ito T, et al. A crucial role for adipose tissue p53 in the regulation of insulin resistance. Nature medicine. 2009;15(9):1082-7.
10.          Gartel AL, Tyner AL. The role of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 in apoptosis 1 supported in part by NIH grant R01 DK56283 (to ALT) for the p21 research and Campus Research Board and Illinois Department of Public Health Penny Severns Breast and Cervical Cancer grants (to ALG). 1. Molecular cancer therapeutics. 2002;1(8):639-49.
11.          Blundell R. The biology of p21 Waf1/Cip1-review paper. 2006.
12.          Gartel AL. The conflicting roles of the cdk inhibitor p21 (CIP1/WAF1) in apoptosis. Leukemia research. 2005;29(11):1237-8.
13.          Abbas T, Dutta A. p21 in cancer: intricate networks and multiple activities. Nature Reviews Cancer. 2009;9(6):400-14.
14.          Shiraki K, Wagayama H. Cytoplasmic p21 (WAF1/CIP1) expression in human hepatocellular carcinomas. Liver international: official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver. 2006;26(8):1018-9.
15.          Albrecht JH, Meyer AH, Hu MY. Regulation of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/Cip1/Sdi1 gene expression in hepatic regeneration. Hepatology. 1997;25(3):557-63.
16.          Mullany LK, Nelsen CJ, Hanse EA, Goggin MM, Anttila CK, Peterson M, et al. Akt-mediated liver growth promotes induction of cyclin E through a novel translational mechanism and a p21-mediated cell cycle arrest. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2007;282(29):21244-52.
17.          Gréchez-Cassiau A, Rayet B, Guillaumond F, Teboul M, Delaunay F. The circadian clock component BMAL1 is a critical regulator of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression and hepatocyte proliferation. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2008;283(8):4535-42.
18.          Brunt EM, Walsh SN, Hayashi PH, LaBundy J, Di Bisceglie AM. Hepatocyte senescence in end‐stage chronic liver disease: a study of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21 in liver biopsies as a marker for progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver international. 2007;27(5):662-71.
19.          Siahkohian M, Asgharpour-Arshad M, Bolboli L, Jafari A, Hesari FS. Effect of 12-weeks aerobic training on some indices of skeletal muscle apoptosis in male rats. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. 2017;39(6):35-43.
20.          Conraads VM, Pattyn N, De Maeyer C, Beckers PJ, Coeckelberghs E, Cornelissen VA, et al. Aerobic interval training and continuous training equally improve aerobic exercise capacity in patients with coronary artery disease: the SAINTEX-CAD study. International journal of cardiology. 2015;179:203-10.
21.          Høydal MA, Wisløff U, Kemi OJ, Ellingsen Ø. Running speed and maximal oxygen uptake in rats and mice: practical implications for exercise training. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2007;14(6):753-60.
22.          Deschenes M, Maresh C, Crivello J, Armstrong L, Kraemer W, Covault J. The effects of exercise training of different intensities on neuromuscular junction morphology. Journal of neurocytology. 1993;22(8):603-15.
23.          Aparicio VA, Nebot E, Porres JM, Ortega FB, Heredia JM, López-Jurado M, et al. Effects of high-whey-protein intake and resistance training on renal, bone and metabolic parameters in rats. British Journal of Nutrition. 2011;105(6):836-45.
24.          Kwon I, Song W, Jang Y, Choi MD, Vinci DM, Lee Y. Elevation of hepatic autophagy and antioxidative capacity by endurance exercise is associated with suppression of apoptosis in mice. Annals of hepatology. 2020;19(1):69-78.
25.          Huang C-C, Chiang W-D, Huang W-C, Huang C-Y, Hsu M-C, Lin W-T. Hepatoprotective effects of swimming exercise against D-galactose-induced senescence rat model. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013;2013.
26.          ASGHARI RM, BARARI A, ABDI A, HASRAK K. THE REVIEW OF SHORT-TERM CONCURRENT TRAINING ON EXPRESSION OF P53 AND P21 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IN MEN WITH PROSTATE CANCER. 2018.
27.          Videla LA, Rodrigo R, Orellana M, Fernandez V, Tapia G, Quiñones L, et al. Oxidative stress-related parameters in the liver of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients. Clinical science. 2004;106(3):261-8.
28.          Adams AK, Best TM. The role of antioxidants in exercise and disease prevention. The physician and sportsmedicine. 2002;30(5):37-44.
29.          Ji LL. Antioxidants and oxidative stress in exercise. Proceedings of the Society for experimental Biology and Medicine. 1999;222(3):283-92.
30.          Radak Z, Chung HY, Goto S. Systemic adaptation to oxidative challenge induced by regular exercise. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2008;44(2):153-9.
31.          Margaritis I, Palazzetti S, Rousseau A-S, Richard M-J, Favier A. Antioxidant supplementation and tapering exercise improve exercise-induced antioxidant response. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2003;22(2):147-56.
32.          Sen C, Packer L, Hiinnincn O. Exercise and oxygen radical production by muscle. Handbook of oxidants and antioxidants in exercise. 2000:57.
33.          Agarwal M, Murugan M, Sharma A, Rai R, Kamboj A, Sharma H, et al. Nanoparticles and its toxic effects: a review. 2013.
34.          Ghahremani Moghaddam M. The role of physical activity in oxidative damage and anti-oxidant status in elderly people: A review of mechanisms. Pathobiology Research. 2017;20(3):1-16.
35.          Seo H, Park C-H, Choi S, Kim W, Jeon B-D, Ryu S. Effects of voluntary exercise on apoptosis and cortisol after chronic restraint stress in mice. Journal of exercise nutrition & biochemistry. 2016;20(3):16.
36.          Yaghoobpour Yekani O, Azarbayjani MA, Peeri M, Farzanegi P. Effect of type of training on markers of hepatocyte apoptosis in rats fed with high fat diet. Yafteh. 2018;19(5):106-16.
37.          Zhenjun T, Weixin X, Linong D. Effect of Exercise Training on Expression of NOS, Bcl-2 and Bax in Liver Tissue of Rats [J]. Journal of Chengdu Sport University. 2006;5:100-3.
38.          TAŞ M. The effect of exercise treadmill of rat liver tissue. US-China Education Review A. 2017;7(1):58-62.
39.          Fealy CE, Haus JM, Solomon TP, Pagadala M, Flask CA, McCullough AJ, et al. Short-term exercise reduces markers of hepatocyte apoptosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2012;113(1):1-6.
40.          Dadban-Shahamat M, Dabidi-Roshan V, Farazmandfar T. The protective effect of 6 weeks of voluntary training on liver apoptosis induced by doxorubicin in aging model rats. Journal of Isfahan Medical School. 2018;36(465):14-21.
41.          Lee S-D, Shyu W-C, Cheng I-S, Kuo C-H, Chan Y-S, Lin Y-M, et al. Effects of exercise training on cardiac apoptosis in obese rats. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2013;23(6):566-73.
42.          MirdarHarijani S, Musavi N, Hamidian GR. Effect of endurance swimming training and silymarin treatment on changes in liver apoptotic index in pregnant rats exposed to cadmium. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2015;13(8):705-14.
43.          Abukhdeir AM, Park BH. P21 and p27: roles in carcinogenesis and drug resistance. Expert reviews in molecular medicine. 2008;10:e19.
44.          Qi Z, He J, Zhang Y, Shao Y, Ding S. Exercise training attenuates oxidative stress and decreases p53 protein content in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2011;50(7):794-800.
45.          Wawrzyniak A, Górnicka M, Hamułka J, Gajewska M, Drywień M, Pierzynowska J, et al. α-Tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and β-carotene protect against oxidative stress but reveal no direct influence on p53 expression in rats subjected to stress. Nutrition research. 2013;33(10):868-75.
 
مطالعات کاربردی تندرستی در فیزیولوژی ورزش
دوره 8، شماره 1
فروردین 1400
صفحه 21-27

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 18 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 اسفند 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 اسفند 1399

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار