تأثیر مکمل کافئین بر فعالیت میلوپراکسیداز و استیل کولین استراز در طی فعالیت ورزشی مقاومتی حاد در ورزشکاران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناس ارشد، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

چکیده

کافئین بر پاسخ ایمنی بـدن حین فعالیت ورزشی اثرگـذار اسـت و نشان داده‌ شده که کافئین غلظت استیل‌کولین‌استراز و میلوپراکسیداز در موش‌های تمرین کرده را کاهش داده است؛ بنابراین در این پژوهش اثر مصرف کافئین بر فعالیت آنزیم‌های استیل کولین‌استراز و میلوپراکسیداز پس از فعالیت ورزشی مقاومتی در ورزشکاران مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پانزده ورزشکار در مطالعه تصادفی، دوسوکور، کنترل‌شده با دارونما و متقاطع، 6 میلی گرم کافئین و دارونما (مالتودکسترین) به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن را یک ساعت قبل از فعالیت مقاومتی دریافت کردند. نمونه‌گیری خون از سیاهرگ بازویی آزمودنی‌ها قبل، بعد و یک ساعت بعد از فعالیت ورزشی مقاومتی جهت اندازه‌گیری غلظت میلوپراکسیداز و استیل‌کولین‌استراز گرفته شد. آزمون‌ تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر در سطح معناداری 05/0 استفاده گردید. نتایج تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر نشان داد که در غلظت استیل‌کولین‌استراز تفاوت معنی‌داری در بلافاصله و 15 دقیقه بعد از فعالیت مقاومتی بین کافئین و دارونما وجود دارد (05/0>P، اما در ارتباط با غلظت میلوپراکسیداز تفاوت معنی دار بین شرایط کافئین و دارونما وجود نداشت (05/0<P). در شرایط مصرف کافئین غلظت استیل‌کولین‌استراز در پس‌آزمون به‌طور معنی‌داری پایین‌تر از مقادیر پیش‌آزمون بود، اما در شرایط مصرف دارونما غلظت استیل کولین استراز در پس‌آزمون افزایش نسبت به پیش‌آزمون مشاهده شد (05/0>P). به نظر می‌رسد که مصرف مکمل کافئین قبل از فعالیت مقاومتی از افزایش غلظت آنزیم استیل‌کولین‌استراز در مردان ورزشکار جلوگیری می‌کند و احتمالاً کافئین از این طریق سبب کاهش فعالیت‌های التهابی می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Caffeine Supplement on Myeloperoxidase and Acetylcholinesterase Activity during Acute Resistance Exercise in Athletes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Rahman Rahimi 1
  • Chia Naghshini 2
1 Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
2 MSc. in Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Caffeine affects immune response during exercise and it has shown that caffeine reduced concentration of acetyl cholinesterase and myeloperoxidase in mice trained. Thus, in this study the effect of caffeine ingestion on enzyme activities of acetyl cholinesterase and myeloperoxidase was examined after resistance exercise in athletes.
15 athletes in in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, received 6 mg.kg-1 of caffeine and placebo (maltodextrin) one hour before the resistance exercise (RE). After an hour blood samples were taken from the participants then they participated in resistance exercise and immediately and 15 minutes after resistance exercise, another’s blood samples were taken to analysis acetyl cholinesterase and myeloperoxidase concentration. Analysis of variance with repeated measures at α level 0.05.was used.
ANOVA with repeated measures showed significant difference in concentration of acetyl cholinesterase at immediately and 15 minutes after resistance exercise between caffeine and placebo condition (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between caffeine and placebo in relation to the concentration of myeloperoxidase (p>0.05). In terms of caffeine consumption, acetyl cholinesterase concentration was significantly lower at post compared to pre RE, but in terms of placebo consumption, acetyl cholinesterase concentration was significantly higher at post compared to pre RE (p<0.05).
It seems that consumption of caffeine supplement before resistance exercise prevent increase in concentration of acetyl cholinesterase in male athletes, and possibly caffeine from this way lead to reduce inflammatory activities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Caffeine
  • myeloperoxidase
  • acetylcholinesterase
  • Resistance Exercise

مراجع

1- Jankowski-Wilkinson AF. The Effects of Caffeine Gum Administration on Reaction Time and Lower 
Body Pain during Cycling to Exhaustion: University of Akron; 2008.
2. Beck TW, Housh TJ, Malek MH, Mielke M, Hendrix R. The acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on bench press strength and time to running exhaustion. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2008;22(5):1654-8.
3. Goldstein E, Jacobs PL, Whitehurst M, Penhollow T, Antonio J. Caffeine enhances upper body strength in resistance-trained women. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2010;7(1):1.
4. Duncan MJ, Stanley M, Parkhouse N, Cook K, Smith M. Acute caffeine ingestion enhances strength performance and reduces perceived exertion and muscle pain perception during resistance exercise. European journal of sport science. 2013;13(4):392-9.
5. Green JM, Wickwire PJ, McLester JR, Gendle S, Hudson G, Pritchett RC, et al. Effects of caffeine on repetitions to failure and ratings of perceived exertion during resistance training. International journal of sports physiology and performance. 2007;2(3):250.
6. Wong K, Martin B, Volland L, Rohmann R, Astorino T, editors. Effect of caffeine ingestion on resistance training performance. Southwest ACSM Meeting; 2008.
7. Graham TE, Spriet LL. SSE# 60: Caffeine and Exercise Performance.
8. Brinkmann V, Reichard U, Goosmann C, Fauler B, Uhlemann Y, Weiss DS, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria. science. 2004;303(5663):1532-5.
9. Urban CF, Ermert D, Schmid M, Abu-Abed U, Goosmann C, Nacken W, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps contain calprotectin, a cytosolic protein complex involved in host defense against Candida albicans. PLoS Pathog. 2009;5(10):e1000639.
10. Borregaard N, Cowland JB. Granules of the human neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocyte. Blood. 1997;89(10):3503-21.
11. Hazen SL, Hsu FF, Duffin K, Heinecke JW. Molecular chlorine generated by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system of phagocytes converts low density lipoprotein cholesterol into a family of chlorinated sterols. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1996;271(38):23080-8.
12. Daugherty A, Dunn JL, Rateri DL, Heinecke JW. Myeloperoxidase, a catalyst for lipoprotein oxidation, is expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1994;94(1):437.
13. Podrez EA, Schmitt D, Hoff HF, Hazen SL. Myeloperoxidase-generated reactive nitrogen species convert LDL into an atherogenic form in vitro. The Journal of clinical investigation. 1999;103(11):1547-60.
14. Shao B, Oda MN, Bergt C, Fu X, Green PS, Brot N, et al. Myeloperoxidase impairs ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux through methionine oxidation and site-specific tyrosine chlorination of apolipoprotein AI. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2006;281(14): 9001-4.
15. Zheng L, Nukuna B, Brennan M-L, Sun M, Goormastic M, Settle M, et al. Apolipoprotein AI is a selective target for myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation and functional impairment in subjects with cardiovascular disease. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2004;114(4):529-41.
16. Vita JA, Brennan M-L, Gokce N, Mann SA, Goormastic M, Shishehbor MH, et al. Serum 
myeloperoxidase levels independently predict endothelial dysfunction in humans. Circulation. 2004;110(9):1134-9.
17. Kokot K, Schaefer R, Teschner M, Gilge U, Plass R, Heidland A. Activation of leukocytes during prolonged physical exercise. Proteases II: Springer; 1988. p. 57-63.
18. Morozov VI, Pryatkin SA, Kalinski MI, Rogozkin VA. Effect of exercise to exhaustion on myeloperoxidase and lysozyme release from blood neutrophils. European journal of applied physiology. 2003;89(3-4):257-62.
19. Morozov VI, Kalinski MI. Intense Exercise Stimulates Blood Neutrophil Degranulation in Humans and Rats. Weight Loss, Exercise and Health Research. 2 .556:531
20. Peake J, Suzuki K. Neutrophil activation, antioxidant supplements and exercise-induced oxidative stress. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2004;10(1):129-41.
21. Peake J, Wilson G, Hordern M, Suzuki K, Yamaya K, Nosaka K, et al. Changes in neutrophil surface receptor expression, degranulation, and respiratory burst activity after moderate-and high-intensity exercise. Journal of applied physiology. 2004;97(2):612-8.
22. Barcelos RP, Souza MA, Amaral GP, Stefanello ST, Bresciani G, Fighera MR, et al. Caffeine intake may modulate inflammation markers in trained rats. Nutrients. 2014;6(4):1678-90.
23. Stefanello S, Soares F, Barcelos R. Caffeine supplementation changes inflammatory biomarkers after exercise. J Yoga Phys Ther. 2016;6(240):2.
24. Cicco G, Vetrugno M, Rotelli MT, Sborgia G, Pennetta M, Vico PP, et al. Red blood cell (RBC) surface acetylcholinesterase showing a hemorheological pattern during glaucoma treatment IOS PRESS. 2006;35(1.2):149-54.
25. Borovikova LV, Ivanova S, Zhang M, Yang H, Botchkina GI, Watkins LR, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin. nature. 2000;405(1):458-62.
26. Das UN. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as possible markers of low-grade systemic inflammation. Med Sci 2007;13(12):214-21.
27. Pavlov VA, Parrish WR, Rosas-Ballina M, Ochani M, Puerta M, Ochani K, et al. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity controls systemic cytokine levels through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Brain, behavior, and immunity..1-15:)5(29;2553
28. Liu Z-h, Ma Y-f, Wu J-s, Gan J-x, Xu S-w, Jiang G-y. Effect of cholinesterase inhibitor galanthamine on circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis. Chinese medical journal. 2010;123(13 .95-5121:)
29. Fernandez‐Cabezudo MJ, Lorke DE, Azimullah S, Mechkarska M, Hasan MY, Petroianu GA, et al. Cholinergic stimulation of the immune system protects against lethal infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Immunology. 2010;130(3): 388-98.
30. Boroujerdi S, Rahimi R. The apoptotic response to resistance exercise with different intensities in athletes. Med Sport. 2011;64(1):31-44.
31. Beck TW, Housh TJ, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO, Housh DJ, Coburn JW, et al. The acute effects of a caffeine-
containing supplement on strength, muscular
endurance, and anaerobic capabilities. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2006;20(3):506-10.
32. Cicco G, Vetrugno M, Rotelli MT, Sborgia G, Pennetta M, Vico PP, et al. Red blood cell (RBC) surface acetylcholinesterase showing a hemorheological pattern during glaucoma treatment. Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation. 2006;35(1, 2):149-54.
33. Morozov VI, Tsyplenkov PV, Golberg ND, Kalinski MI. The effects of high-intensity exercise on skeletal muscle neutrophil myeloperoxidase in untrained and trained rats. European journal of applied physiology. 2006;97(6):716-22.
34. Amirsasan R, Khaleghi-Anbardan M-M, Zarghami Khameneh A. The acute effects of exhaustive resistance training and different dosages of caffeine intake on IL-6 response. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2015;22(134):49-58.
35. Machado M, Antunes WD, Tamy ALM, Azevedo PG, Barreto JG, Hackney AC. Effect of a single dose of caffeine supplementation and intermittent-interval exercise on muscle damage markers in soccer players. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness. 2009;7(2):91-7.
36. Cechella JL, Leite MR, Dobrachinski F, Da Rocha JT, Carvalho NR, Duarte MM, et al. Moderate swimming exercise and caffeine supplementation reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines without causing oxidative stress in tissues of middle-aged rats. Amino acids. 2014;46(5):1187-95.
37. Lv X, Chen Z, Li J, Zhang L, Liu H, Huang C, et al. Caffeine protects against alcoholic liver injury by attenuating inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Inflammation Research. 2010;59(8):635-45.
38. Belcastro AN, Arthur GD, Albisser TA, Raj DA. Heart, liver, and skeletal muscle myeloperoxidase activity during exercise. Journal of applied physiology. 1996;80(4):1331- .1
39. Fielding R, Manfredi T, Ding W, Fiatarone M, Evans W, Cannon JG. Acute phase response in exercise. III. Neutrophil and IL-1 beta accumulation in skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 1993;265(1):R166-R72.
40. Smith L, Anwar A, Fragen M, Rananto C, Johnson R, Holbert D. Cytokines and cell adhesion molecules associated with high-intensity eccentric exercise. European journal of applied physiology. 2000;82(1-2):61-7.
41. Lee I, Paffenbarger R, Hennekens C. Physical activity, physical fitness and longevity. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. 1997;9(1-2):2-11.
42. Dray C, Daviaud D, Guigné C, Valet P, Castan-Laurell I. Caffeine reduces TNFα up-regulation in human adipose tissue primary culture. Journal of physiology and biochemistry. 2007;63(4):329-36.
43. Chavez Valdez R, Ahlawat R, Nathan A, Wills-Karp M, Sproles A, Gauda EB. Distinct Mechanisms Mediate The Concentration-dependent modulation Of Caffeine On TNF-±And IL-10 Production By Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells (CBM). D37 IMMUNE MECHANISMS IN THE LUNG: Am Thoracic Soc; 2010. p. A5726-A.
مطالعات کاربردی تندرستی در فیزیولوژی ورزش
دوره 5، شماره 1
فروردین 1397
صفحه 10-17

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 آذر 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 خرداد 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 اردیبهشت 1398

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار