Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license
Authors
1
Doctoral student of sports physiology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
2
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
3
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
4
Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Abstract
Background& purpose: Type 2 diabetes causes reduced nitric oxide and vascular dysfunction, and the effect of combined exercise on nitric oxide in affected women remains unclear.This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of combined exercise on serum nitric oxide synthase levels and metabolic indices in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 30 women with type 2 diabetes (mean age: combined exercise group 50.14 ± 5.99 years, control group 49.27 ± 8.22 years) were randomly assigned to two groups of 15: combined exercise (endurance-resistance) and control. The exercise group performed a moderate-intensity combined training program three times per week for eight weeks. Anthropometric indices, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, nitric oxide (NO), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).. Results: After intervention, the combined exercise group showed significant reductions in fasting blood sugar (p=0.01) and body mass index (BMI) (p=0.03), and a significant increase in serum nitric oxide levels (p<0.001) compared to the control group. Changes in weight, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), eNOS, iNOS, and insulin were not significant between groups. Conclusions: Regular moderate-intensity combined exercise can significantly improve glycemic control, body composition, and endothelial function by increasing serum nitric oxide in women with type 2 diabetes. These findings emphasize the necessity of incorporating combined exercise programs in the non-pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes, especially in middle-aged women.
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