Investigating the effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on anaerobic performance, serum I-FABP protein, and metabolic responses of female athletes

Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student , Department of Exercise Physiology. Pardis Alborz , University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology ,Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Tehran,Tehran,Iran

4 Professor , Department of Exercise Physiology ,Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Tehran,Tehran,Iran

Abstract

Aim: The use of nutritional interventions, food supplements such as sodium bicarbonate, can improve sports performance and athlete's health and prevent fatigue. It is recommended to prevent early fatigue and improve performance during competition. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on anaerobic performance, serum I-FABP protein and metabolic responses of trained women during increasing sports activity.  Methods: 15 female athletes with an average age of 21.80 ± 1.10 participated in this research. Three targeted intervention methods were studied using placebo and sodium bicarbonate in amounts of 0.3 and 0.5 g/kg body weight. The Wingate test was conducted in three stages. The indexes of maximum anaerobic power, average power and fatigue index were evaluated using the Wingate test. Measurement of I-FABP index, pH, HCO3 and lactate was also done by taking blood from the vein. Results: The research results showed that there is no significant difference between the groups in average power, fatigue index and blood indices. Only, the results of the peak anaerobic power index at the 0.5 dose were significant (p<0.05).At the 0.3 dose, there was no significant difference between the groups in peak power, average power, fatigue index and blood indices. Conclusions: Taking sodium bicarbonate supplement at a dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight in women can significantly increase the maximum anaerobic power in these athletes. Also, consuming this amount of bicarbonate supplement does not cause any digestive damage.  

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Dennig H, Talbott J, Edwards H, Dill D. Effect of acidosis and alkalosis upon capacity for work. The Journal of clinical investigation. 1931;9(4):601-13.
  2. Kerksick C. ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: Re. 2018.
  3. Maughan RJ, Burke LM, Dvorak J, Larson-Meyer DE, Peeling P, Phillips SM, et al. IOC consensus statement: dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2018;28(2):104-25.
  4. 4. Knapik JJ, Steelman RA, Hoedebecke SS, Austin KG, Farina EK, Lieberman HR. Prevalence of dietary supplement use by athletes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine. 2016;46:103-23.
  5. Heibel AB, Perim PH, Oliveira LF, McNaughton LR, Saunders B. Time to optimize supplementation: modifying factors influencing the individual responses to extracellular buffering agents. Frontiers in nutrition. 2018;5:35.
  6. Lindh A, Peyrebrune M, Ingham S, Bailey D, Folland J. Sodium bicarbonate improves swimming performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2007:519-23.
  7. Mueller SM, Gehrig SM, Frese S, Wagner CA, Boutellier U, Toigo M. Multiday acute sodium bicarbonate intake improves endurance capacity and reduces acidosis in men. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2013;10(1):16.
  8. Durkalec–Michalski K, Zawieja EE, Zawieja BE, Michałowska P, Podgórski T. The gender dependent influence of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on anaerobic power and specific performance in female and male wrestlers. Scientific reports. 2020;10(1):1878.
  9. Lancha Junior AH, de Salles Painelli V, Saunders B, Artioli GG. Nutritional strategies to modulate intracellular and extracellular buffering capacity during high-intensity exercise. Sports Medicine. 2015;45:71-81.
  10. Burke LM, Pyne DB. Bicarbonate loading to enhance training and competitive performance. International journal of sports physiology and performance. 2007;2(1):93-7.
  11. Oöpik V, Saaremets I, Medijainen L, Karelson K, Janson T, Timpmann S. Effects of sodium citrate ingestion before exercise on endurance performance in well trained college runners. British journal of sports medicine. 2003;37(6):485-9.
  12. Sale C, Saunders B, Harris RC. Effect of beta-alanine supplementation on muscle carnosine concentrations and exercise performance. Amino acids. 2010;39:321-33.
  13. Sale C, Artioli GG, Gualano B, Saunders B, Hobson RM, Harris RC. Carnosine: from exercise performance to health. Amino acids. 2013;44:1477-91.
  14. Turner AN, Stewart PF. Repeat sprint ability. Strength & Conditioning Journal. 2013;35(1):37-41.
  15. Costa R, Snipe R, Kitic C, Gibson P. Systematic review: exercise‐induced gastrointestinal syndrome—implications for health and intestinal disease. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2017;46(3):246-65.
  16. De Oliveira EP, Burini RC. The impact of physical exercise on the gastrointestinal tract. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care. 2009;12(5):533-8.
  17. Durkalec-Michalski K, Nowaczyk PM, Adrian J, Kamińska J, Podgórski T. The influence of progressive-chronic and acute sodium bicarbonate supplementation on anaerobic power and specific performance in team sports: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Nutrition & Metabolism. 2020;17(1):1-15.
  18. van Wijck K, Pennings B, van Bijnen AA, Senden JM, Buurman WA, Dejong CH, et al. Dietary protein digestion and absorption are impaired during acute postexercise recovery in young men. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2013;304(5):R356-R61.
  19. Toledo LP, Vieira JG, Dias MR. Acute effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on the performance during CrossFit® training. Motriz: Revista de Educação Física. 2020;26.
  20. Memet O, Zhang L, Shen J. Serological biomarkers for acute mesenteric ischemia. Annals of translational medicine. 2019;7(16).
  21. Kanda T, Tsukahara A, Ueki K, Sakai Y, Tani T, Nishimura A, et al. Diagnosis of ischemic small bowel disease by measurement of serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein in patients with acute abdomen: a multicenter, observer-blinded validation study. Journal of gastroenterology. 2011;46:492-500.
  22. Clark CS, Kraus BB, Sinclair J, Castell DO. Gastroesophageal reflux induced by exercise in healthy volunteers. Jama. 1989;261(24):3599-601.
  23. March DS, Marchbank T, Playford RJ, Jones AW, Thatcher R, Davison G. Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein and gut permeability responses to exercise. European journal of applied physiology. 2017;117:931-41.
  24. Stuempfle KJ, Hoffman MD. Gastrointestinal distress is common during a 161-km ultramarathon. Journal of sports sciences. 2015;33(17):1814-21.
  25. Karhu E, Forsgård RA, Alanko L, Alfthan H, Pussinen P, Hämäläinen E, et al. Exercise and gastrointestinal symptoms: running-induced changes in intestinal permeability and markers of gastrointestinal function in asymptomatic and symptomatic runners. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2017;117:2519-26.
  26. Bradberry SM, Thanacoody HR, Watt BE, Thomas SH, Vale JA. Management of the cardiovascular complications of tricyclic antidepressant poisoning: role of sodium bicarbonate. Toxicological reviews. 2005;24:195-204.
  27. Zupan MF, Arata AW, Dawson LH, Wile AL, Payn TL, Hannon ME. Wingate anaerobic test peak power and anaerobic capacity classifications for men and women intercollegiate athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2009;23(9):2598-604.
  28. Saunders B, Sale C, Harris RC, Sunderland C. Sodium bicarbonate and high-intensity-cycling capacity: variability in responses. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2014;9(4):627-32.
  29. Hunter SK. The relevance of sex differences in performance fatigability. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2016;48(11):2247.
  30. Russ DW, Lanza IR, Rothman D, Kent‐Braun JA. Sex differences in glycolysis during brief, intense isometric contractions. Muscle & nerve. 2005;32(5):647-55.
  31. Delextrat A, Mackessy S, Arceo-Rendon L, Scanlan A, Ramsbottom R, Calleja-Gonzalez J. Effects of three-day serial sodium bicarbonate loading on performance and physiological parameters during a simulated basketball test in female university players. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2018;28(5):547-52.
  32. Carr AJ, Slater GJ, Gore CJ, Dawson B, Burke LM. Reliability and effect of sodium bicarbonate: buffering and 2000-m rowing performance. International journal of sports physiology and performance. 2012;7(2):152-60.
  33. Jackson D. Ion regulation in exercise: lessons from comparative physiology. Biochem Exerc. 1990;7:375-86.
  34. Carr AJ, Slater GJ, Gore CJ, Dawson B, Burke LM. Effect of sodium bicarbonate on [HCO3−], pH, and gastrointestinal symptoms. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2011;21(3):189-94.
  35. Douroudos II, Fatouros IG, Gourgoulis V, Jamurtas AZ, Tsitsios T, Hatzinikolaou A, et al. Dose-related effects of prolonged NaHCO3 ingestion during high-intensity exercise. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2006;38(10):1746-53.
  36. Hollidge-Horvat M, Parolin M, Wong D, Jones N, Heigenhauser G. Effect of induced metabolic alkalosis on human skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2000;278(2):E316-E29.
  37. Miller P, Robinson AL, Sparks SA, Bridge CA, Bentley DJ, McNaughton LR. The effects of novel ingestion of sodium bicarbonate on repeated sprint ability. The journal of strength & conditioning research. 2016;30(2):561-8.
  38. Kindermann W, Péronnet F, Meyer T, Aguilaniu B, Juneau C-É, Faude O. Bicarbonate infusion and pH clamp moderately reduce. J Appl Physiol. 2007;102:426-8.
  39. Lopes-Silva JP, Reale R, Franchini E. Acute and chronic effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on Wingate test performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of sports sciences. 2019;37(7):762-71.
  40. Macutkiewicz D, Sunderland C. Sodium bicarbonate supplementation does not improve elite women's team sport running or field hockey skill performance. Physiological Reports. 2018;6(19):e13818.
  41. Bishop D, Claudius B. Effects of induced metabolic alkalosis on prolonged intermittent-sprint performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2005;37(5):759-67.
  42. Tan F, Polglaze T, Cox G, Dawson B, Mujika I, Clark S. Effects of induced alkalosis on simulated match performance in elite female water polo players. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2010;20(3):198-205.
  43. Porter MM, Stuart S, Boij M, Lexell J. Capillary supply of the tibialis anterior muscle in young, healthy, and moderately active men and women. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2002;92(4):1451-7.
  44. Simoneau J-A, Bouchard C. Human variation in skeletal muscle fiber-type proportion and enzyme activities. American journal of physiology-endocrinology and metabolism. 1989;257(4):E567-E72.
  45. Yoon T, Schlinder Delap B, Griffith EE, Hunter SK. Mechanisms of fatigue differ after low‐and high‐force fatiguing contractions in men and women. Muscle & Nerve: Official Journal of the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine. 2007;36(4):515-24.
  46. Saunders B, Oliveira LFd, Dolan E, Durkalec-Michalski K, McNaughton L, Artioli GG, et al. Sodium bicarbonate supplementation and the female athlete: A brief commentary with small scale systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of sport science. 2022;22(5):745-54.
  47. Grgic J, Rodriguez RF, Garofolini A, Saunders B, Bishop DJ, Schoenfeld BJ, et al. Effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on muscular strength and endurance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine. 2020;50:1361-75.
  48. Funaoka H, Kanda T, Fujii H. Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) as a new biomarker for intestinal diseases. Rinsho byori The Japanese journal of clinical pathology. 2010;58(2):162-8.
  49. Ter Steege R, Kolkman J. The pathophysiology and management of gastrointestinal symptoms during physical exercise, and the role of splanchnic blood flow. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2012;35(5):516-28.
  50. Van Wijck K, Lenaerts K, Van Loon LJ, Peters WH, Buurman WA, Dejong CH. Exercise-induced splanchnic hypoperfusion results in gut dysfunction in healthy men. PloS one. 2011;6(7):e22366.
  51. Hart TL, Townsend JR, Grady NJ, Johnson KD, Littlefield LA, Vergne MJ, et al. Resistance exercise increases gastrointestinal symptoms, markers of gut permeability, and damage in resistance-trained adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022;54(10):1761-70.
Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology
Volume 11, Issue 1
March 2024
Pages 111-123

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 23 September 2023
  • Revise Date: 10 October 2023
  • Accept Date: 09 October 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics