Short-term effect of two caffeine-beetroot supplementation rate on TNF-α, GDF15 and E-SELECTIN following a course of aerobic activity in professional endurance runners

Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license

Authors

1 PhD student, Department of Sports Physiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Amol, Iran.

3 Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan-Iran.

4 Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran

Abstract

Aim: Chronic inflammation as an integral part of cardiovascular disease is associated with endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-intensive aerobic workout caffeine-beetroot supplementation on indicators related to vascular function including endothelial selectin (E-SELECTIN), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in elite  endurance runners.
Methods: In this experimental study, 10 elite male runners (age: 27.5±3.8 y, height: 176.7±7.8 cm, BMI: 22.3±1.5 kg/m2 and VO2max 52.2±4.6 ml/kg/min, were selected and with a double-blind, counterbalance, crossover and randomized design, were participated into three short-term conditions with 2 week washout. 1: high dose (9.6 mmol nitrate and 400 mg caffeine), 2: low dose (4.8 and 200) and 3: placebo. Subjects consumed 250cc of the supplement twice daily. Aerobic exercise included 5-km high intensity indoor running.
Results: intervention, conditions and time effects with MANOVA repeated measures and bonferroni statistical analysis tests showed that the short term beetroot-caffeine supplementation (intervention effect) had no significant effect on E-SELECTIN and GDF-15, but decreased TNF-α (p=0.038). Also, that increased the GDF-15 (p=0.024), TNF-α (p=0.0001) and E-SELECTIN (p=0.047) and the supplementation after seven days (time effect) decreased the levels of TNF-α (p=0.033), GDF-15 (p=0.021) and E-SELECTIN (p=0.004) following exercise. 
Conclusion: an increase in the variables after exercise and decrease after seven days of the supplementation, indicates that may improves cardiac dysfunction caused by intensive aerobic exercise.

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This is an open access article distributed under the following Creative Commons license: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

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Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology
Volume 9, Issue 1
April 2022
Pages 61-71

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History

  • Receive Date: 29 December 2021
  • Revise Date: 29 April 2022
  • Accept Date: 30 April 2022

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