Dose-response of beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate supplementation (HMB -FA) on muscle and liver damage indices induced by an eccentric resistance exercise session in non-athlete females

Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under (CC BY-NC 4.0) license

Authors

1 MSc of Physiology and Sports Nutrition, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences,, University of Guilan, Rash, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

Abstract

Aim: Start or continuation of physical activity can especially be a challenge for non-athletes due to exercise-induced muscle injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent effects of beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate (HMB -FA) on muscle and liver damage indices induced by high-intensity eccentric resistance exercise in non-athlete girls. Methods: 24 non-athlete girls (age= 25.87±1.65 years, BMI=20.97±1.36) selected from volunteers to participate in this study. Participants were randomly divided into three HMB-FA supplementation groups (n=8) with doses of (HMB-1.5) 1.5, (HMB-3) 3, and (HMB-4) 4 g/d. After six days of supplementation, an eccentric resistance session with a maximum intensity of 120% was carried out. Blood and urine samples were collected in 4 stages including before supplementation, before exercise, immediately, and 24 hours after exercise. For comparison of the results, 3×4 variance analysis was used. Results: The results showed that different doses of supplementation had no significant effect on blood levels of AST and ALT as well as urine levels of creatinine and urea. However, LDH and CK levels showed significant inter and intragroup differences(p<0.05). Results showed that values of CK and LDH between HMB-1.5 and other groups had significant differences at 24h post-exercise session. Conclusions: Considering significant differences in enzymatic indices of CK and LDH between 1.5g/d supplementation with 3 and 4 g/d doses, we conclude that 1.5g/d dose should not be considered as an inhibitor of high-intensity exercise-induced muscle damage. Also since 3 and 4 g/d showed no differences in inhibiting muscle and liver damage indices in blood and urine, the lower dose (3g/d) can be our prescription as the optimal dose.
 
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

   

 

This is an open access article distributed under the following Creative Commons license: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

References

  1.  

    1. Bongiovanni T, Genovesi F, Nemmer M, Carling C, Alberti G, Howatson G. Nutritional interventions for reducing the signs and symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage and accelerate recovery in athletes: current knowledge, practical application and future perspectives. European journal of applied physiology. 2020;120(9):1965-96.
    2. Daniel LP, Kenneth D, Derrick WVE, Kevin DT, Alan AA, Brad JS. Isolated Leucine and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation for Enhancing Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 2021;31(3):292-301.
    3. Qamar MM, Javed MS, Zahoor M. Effects of active isolated stretching on exercise-induced muscle 3 damage in untrained subjects: a randomized controlled trial 4. JPMA The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2021;71(1 (A)):406-9.
    4. Arazi H, Asadi A, Suzuki K. The effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate-free acid supplementation and resistance training on oxidative stress markers: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Antioxidants. 2018;7(6):76.
    5. Fernández-Landa J, Fernández-Lázaro D, Calleja-González J, Caballero-García A, Córdova A, León-Guereño P, et al. Long-term effect of combination of creatine monohydrate plus β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) on exercise-induced muscle damage and anabolic/catabolic hormones in elite male endurance athletes. Biomolecules. 2020;10(1):140.
    6. Holeček M, Vodeničarovová M, Fingrová R. Dual Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) on Amino Acid, Energy, and Protein Metabolism in the Liver and Muscles of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes. Biomolecules. 2020;10(11):1475.
    7. Albert FJ, Morente-Sánchez J, Ortega FB, Castillo MJ, Gutiérrez Á. Usefulness of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in different sports: an update and practical implications. Nutricion hospitalaria. 2015;32(1):20-33.
    8. Smith HJ, Wyke SM, Tisdale MJ. Mechanism of the attenuation of proteolysis-inducing factor stimulated protein degradation in muscle by β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate. Cancer research. 2004;64(23):8731-5.
    9. Smith HJ, Mukerji P, Tisdale MJ. Attenuation of proteasome-induced proteolysis in skeletal muscle by β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in cancer-induced muscle loss. Cancer research. 2005;65(1):277-83.
    10. Wilson JM, Lowery RP, Joy JM, Walters JA, Baier SM, Fuller JC, et al. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid reduces markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and improves recovery in resistance-trained men. British Journal of Nutrition. 2013;110(3):538-44.
    11. Wilson JM, Kim J-s, Lee S-r, Rathmacher JA, Dalmau B, Kingsley JD, et al. Acute and timing effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on indirect markers of skeletal muscle damage. Nutrition & metabolism. 2009;6(1):6.
    12. Nissen S, Sharp R, Ray M, Rathmacher J, Rice D, Fuller Jr J, et al. Effect of leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on muscle metabolism during resistance-exercise training. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1996;81(5):2095-104.
    13. Slater G, Jenkins D, Logan P, Lee H, Vukovich M, Rathmacher JA, et al. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation does not affect changes in strength or body composition during resistance training in trained men. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2001;11(3):384-96.
    14. Nissen S, Sharp R, Panton L, Vukovich M, Trappe S, Fuller Jr J. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in humans is safe and may decrease cardiovascular risk factors. The Journal of nutrition. 2000;130(8):1937-45.
    15. Nissen SL, Sharp RL. Effect of dietary supplements on lean mass and strength gains with resistance exercise: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2003.
    16. Van Someren KA, Edwards AJ, Howatson G. Supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and α-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) reduces signs and symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage in man. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2005;15(4):413-24.
    17. Hoffman JR, Cooper J, Wendell M, Im J, Kang J. Effects of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate on power performance and indices of muscle damage and stress during high-intensity training. Journal of strength and conditioning research. 2004;18(4):747-52.
    18. Paddon-Jones D, Keech A, Jenkins D. Short-term β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation does not reduce symptoms of eccentric muscle damage. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2001;11(4):442-50.
    19. Knitter A, Panton L, Rathmacher J, Petersen A, Sharp R. Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on muscle damage after a prolonged run. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2000;89(4):1340-4.
    20. Hsieh L, Chien S, Huang M, Tseng H, Chang C. Anti-inflammatory and anticatabolic effects of short-term beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in intensive care unit. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition. 2006;15(4):544.
    21. Jówko E, Ostaszewski P, Jank M, Sacharuk J, Zieniewicz A, Wilczak J, et al. Creatine and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program. Nutrition. 2001;17(7-8):558-66.
    22. Knechtle B, Knechtle P, Mrazek C, Senn O, Rosemann T, Imoberdorf R, et al. No effect of short-term amino acid supplementation on variables related to skeletal muscle damage in 100 km ultra-runners-a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2011;8(1):6.
    23. Kreider RB, Ferreira MP, Greenwood M, Wilson M, Grindstaff P, Plisk S, et al. Effects of calcium β-HMB supplementation during training on markers of catabolism, body composition, strength and sprint performance. 2000.
    24. Cooke MB, Rybalka E, Stathis CG, Cribb PJ, Hayes A. Whey protein isolate attenuates strength decline after eccentrically-induced muscle damage in healthy individuals. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2010;7(1):30.
    25. Pettersson J, Hindorf U, Persson P, Bengtsson T, Malmqvist U, Werkström V, et al. Muscular exercise can cause highly pathological liver function tests in healthy men. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2008;65(2):253-9.
    26. Schwartze J, Landgraf K, Spielau U, Rockstroh D, Löffler D, Kratzsch J, et al. Adipocyte C1QTNF5 expression is BMI-dependently related to early adipose tissue dysfunction and systemic CTRP5 serum levels in obese children. International Journal of Obesity. 2017;41(6):955-63.
    27. Panton LB, Rathmacher JA, Baier S, Nissen S. Nutritional supplementation of the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) during resistance training. Nutrition. 2000;16(9):734-9.
    28. J Cruz-Jentoft A. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (HMB): from experimental data to clinical evidence in sarcopenia. Current Protein and Peptide Science. 2018;19(7):668-72.
    29. Kaczka P, Michalczyk MM, Jastrząb R, Gawelczyk M, Kubicka K. Mechanism of action and the effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on different types of physical performance-A systematic review. Journal of human kinetics. 2019;68:211.
    30. Woo J-H. The Effects of Exercise on Neurotrophins, Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), and Oxidative Stress in Obese Children. Journal of Life Science. 2012;22(5):569-74.
    31. Iiyoshi A, Komori A, Ejiri A, Emoto M, Funaba H, Goto M, et al. Overview of the large helical device project. Nuclear Fusion. 1999;39(9Y):1245.
    32. Faramarzi M, Nuri R, Banitalebi E. the effect of short-term combination of hmb (beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate) and creatine supplementation on anaerobic performance and muscle injury markers in soccer players. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity. 2009;3(4).
    33. Suad KA, Al-Shamire J, Dhyaa A. Histological and biochemical evaluation of supplementing broiler diet with β-hydroxy-methyl butyrate calcium (β-HMB-Ca). Iranian journal of veterinary research. 2018;19(1):27.
    34. Silva VR, Belozo FL, Micheletti TO, Conrado M, Stout JR, Pimentel GD, et al. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation may improve recovery and muscle adaptations after resistance training: A systematic review. Nutrition research. 2017;45:1-9.
Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology
Volume 8, Issue 2
August 2021
Pages 34-43

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 12 August 2021
  • Revise Date: 02 September 2021
  • Accept Date: 07 September 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics