Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology 2676-6507 13 1 2026 03 21 The effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval swimming training on the expression of PGC-1α and IL-6 proteins and memory function in brain hippocampus in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by high fat diet The effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval swimming training on the expression of PGC-1α and IL-6 proteins and memory function in brain hippocampus in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by high fat diet 15100 10.22049/jahssp.2023.28611.1552 FA Maryam Abbasi Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran Mohammadreza Kordi Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran Farhad Daryanoosh Associate Professor in Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Department of Sports Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Journal Article 2023 04 30 Aim: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the result of excessive accumulation of triglycerides in liver cells, which is associated with a decrease in PGC-1α and an increase in inflammatory cytokines. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval swimming training on the expression of PGC-1α and IL-6 proteins and memory function in the brain hippocampus in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by a high-fat diet.:. Methods: The present research was experimental. 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: healthy (n=20) and high-fat diet (HFD) (n=20). The HFD group received a high-fat diet for eight weeks with the aim of inducing the disease. After proving the disease, the rats were divided into four groups: control-healthy (n=9), training-healthy (n=9), control-disease (n=9) and training-disease (n=9). The training groups performed eight weeks of high-intensity interval swimming exercises (three sessions per week, each session lasting 30 minutes). At the end, PGC-1α and IL-6 proteins in the hippocampus of the brain were measured by ELISA method, and memory performance was evaluated by the Morris water Maze behavioral test. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used to analyze the data (p<0.05) and all statistical methods were performed using spss version 26 software. Results: The highest and lowest amount of PGC-1α protein was observed in training-healthy and control-disease groups, respectively. Also, in the IL-6 variable, the highest and lowest levels were observed in the control-disease and training-healthy groups, respectively. There was also a significant difference between the groups in the variable of memory performance (P<0.05).Conclusion: high intensity interval swimming training in NASH can lead Increase PGC-1α and decrease IL-6 in the brain hippocampus and improve memory function. Aim: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the result of excessive accumulation of triglycerides in liver cells, which is associated with a decrease in PGC-1α and an increase in inflammatory cytokines. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval swimming training on the expression of PGC-1α and IL-6 proteins and memory function in the brain hippocampus in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by a high-fat diet.:. Methods: The present research was experimental. 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: healthy (n=20) and high-fat diet (HFD) (n=20). The HFD group received a high-fat diet for eight weeks with the aim of inducing the disease. After proving the disease, the rats were divided into four groups: control-healthy (n=9), training-healthy (n=9), control-disease (n=9) and training-disease (n=9). The training groups performed eight weeks of high-intensity interval swimming exercises (three sessions per week, each session lasting 30 minutes). At the end, PGC-1α and IL-6 proteins in the hippocampus of the brain were measured by ELISA method, and memory performance was evaluated by the Morris water Maze behavioral test. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used to analyze the data (p<0.05) and all statistical methods were performed using spss version 26 software. Results: The highest and lowest amount of PGC-1α protein was observed in training-healthy and control-disease groups, respectively. Also, in the IL-6 variable, the highest and lowest levels were observed in the control-disease and training-healthy groups, respectively. There was also a significant difference between the groups in the variable of memory performance (P<0.05).Conclusion: high intensity interval swimming training in NASH can lead Increase PGC-1α and decrease IL-6 in the brain hippocampus and improve memory function.

Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology 2676-6507 13 1 2026 03 21 The effect of eight weeks aerobic exercise training and zinc supplementation on some hepatokines and hepatic enzymes in male Wistar rats intoxicated with Bisphenol-A The effect of eight weeks aerobic exercise training and zinc supplementation on some hepatokines and hepatic enzymes in male Wistar rats intoxicated with Bisphenol-A 14645 10.22049/jahssp.2023.28824.1572 FA Mohammad Salmasi Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran 0009-0008-5233-069X Asghar Tofighi Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Siamak Asri Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Javad Tolouei Azar Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Journal Article 2023 07 13 Aim: Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a monomer that is used in the production of the protective resin layer in polycarbonate plastics and has a negative effect on the endocrine system. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise training with nanoparticle and zinc oxide supplementation on hepatic enzymes and some hepatokines (Fetuin-A and FGF-21) in rats intoxicated with BPA. Methods: The present study was experimental. 60 male rats were divided into 12 groups: 1) Control; 2) BPA; 3) Exercise; 4) Exercise+BPA; 5) Nanoparticle supplementation (Nano); 6) Nanoparticle+BPA (Nano+BPA); 7) Zinc oxide salt (Zno); 8) Zinc oxide salt+BPA (Zno+BPA); 9) Exercise+Nano; 10) Exercise+Nano+BPA; 11) Exercise+Zno; and 12) Exercise+Zno+BPA. Aerobic training was performed for eight weeks, five sessions each week with 50% to 75% VO2max, and 25−64 minutes each. Nanoparticle and zinc oxide supplements (3 mg/kg) were injected into animals five days a week for eight weeks. The ALT, AST, Fetuin-A, and FGF-21 levels were measured by ELISA method. One-way ANOVA was used to compare between groups and Tukey's test was used to determine the variety between groups. Results: BPA caused a significant increase in ALT, AST and Fetuin-A activity compared to the control group (p=0.001), but had no effect on FGF-21 levels (p>0.05). On the other hand, the supplement alone and the combination of the supplement with exercise led to a significant decrease in ALT and AST activity (p=0.001). Exercise alone, supplements alone, and their combination also led to a significant decrease in Fetuin-A (p=0.001). Conclusions: Aerobic exercise, zinc supplementation, and especially the combination of these two (aerobic exercise + zinc supplementation) can probably reduce the negative effects induced by BPA. Aim: Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a monomer that is used in the production of the protective resin layer in polycarbonate plastics and has a negative effect on the endocrine system. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercise training with nanoparticle and zinc oxide supplementation on hepatic enzymes and some hepatokines (Fetuin-A and FGF-21) in rats intoxicated with BPA. Methods: The present study was experimental. 60 male rats were divided into 12 groups: 1) Control; 2) BPA; 3) Exercise; 4) Exercise+BPA; 5) Nanoparticle supplementation (Nano); 6) Nanoparticle+BPA (Nano+BPA); 7) Zinc oxide salt (Zno); 8) Zinc oxide salt+BPA (Zno+BPA); 9) Exercise+Nano; 10) Exercise+Nano+BPA; 11) Exercise+Zno; and 12) Exercise+Zno+BPA. Aerobic training was performed for eight weeks, five sessions each week with 50% to 75% VO2max, and 25−64 minutes each. Nanoparticle and zinc oxide supplements (3 mg/kg) were injected into animals five days a week for eight weeks. The ALT, AST, Fetuin-A, and FGF-21 levels were measured by ELISA method. One-way ANOVA was used to compare between groups and Tukey's test was used to determine the variety between groups. Results: BPA caused a significant increase in ALT, AST and Fetuin-A activity compared to the control group (p=0.001), but had no effect on FGF-21 levels (p>0.05). On the other hand, the supplement alone and the combination of the supplement with exercise led to a significant decrease in ALT and AST activity (p=0.001). Exercise alone, supplements alone, and their combination also led to a significant decrease in Fetuin-A (p=0.001). Conclusions: Aerobic exercise, zinc supplementation, and especially the combination of these two (aerobic exercise + zinc supplementation) can probably reduce the negative effects induced by BPA.

Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology 2676-6507 13 1 2026 03 21 The brain function promotion by modulating the power of beta and gamma waves subsequent twelve weeks’ time pressure training in chess players The brain function promotion by modulating the power of beta and gamma waves subsequent twelve weeks’ time pressure training in chess players 14919 10.22049/jahssp.2024.29522.1639 FA Asghar Golizadeh Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Vahid Sari-Sarraf Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Javad Vakili Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0002-7100-8961 Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran Journal Article 2024 03 13 Methods: In a semi-experimental and a one-blind research, 26 chess players (age: 18±1 years; ELO: 1744.6±61.7; history: 3.1±2.2) volunteer athlete selected and using simple random method, and based on rating placed in two groups: chess-based training under time pressure (five sessions per week each session for four hours) and normal chess training group. Before starting the research project, at the end of the sixth and twelfth week of the training protocol, electroencephalography indices of the subjects were recorded to determine the absolute power of beta and gamma waves of all subjects during the game under time pressure. The changes of the related indicators during different stages of measurement were analyzed with a 3×2 analysis of variance, bonferroni post hoc as appropriate and independent t-tests using SPSS22 software at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: After six weeks of training in both central (C3, C4 and CZ) and frontal (F4 and FZ) regions, there was a significant increase (P=0.01) in gamma and beta waves compared to the pre-test but no significant difference between the two group was observed (P=0.7). While after 12 weeks a significant increase in both central (C3, C4 and CZ) and frontal (F3, F4 and FZ) regions compared to both previous stages was detected in central (C3, C4 and CZ) and frontal (F3 and FZ) regions (P=0.001). In addition, in the F3 area, the increase in beta wave was significantly higher than in the F4 area (P=0.04). Conclusions: It could be concluded that time pressure chess training can potentially improve the skill performance of chess players by modulating the activity of beta and gamma waves in the frontal areas, especially (F3). Methods: In a semi-experimental and a one-blind research, 26 chess players (age: 18±1 years; ELO: 1744.6±61.7; history: 3.1±2.2) volunteer athlete selected and using simple random method, and based on rating placed in two groups: chess-based training under time pressure (five sessions per week each session for four hours) and normal chess training group. Before starting the research project, at the end of the sixth and twelfth week of the training protocol, electroencephalography indices of the subjects were recorded to determine the absolute power of beta and gamma waves of all subjects during the game under time pressure. The changes of the related indicators during different stages of measurement were analyzed with a 3×2 analysis of variance, bonferroni post hoc as appropriate and independent t-tests using SPSS22 software at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: After six weeks of training in both central (C3, C4 and CZ) and frontal (F4 and FZ) regions, there was a significant increase (P=0.01) in gamma and beta waves compared to the pre-test but no significant difference between the two group was observed (P=0.7). While after 12 weeks a significant increase in both central (C3, C4 and CZ) and frontal (F3, F4 and FZ) regions compared to both previous stages was detected in central (C3, C4 and CZ) and frontal (F3 and FZ) regions (P=0.001). In addition, in the F3 area, the increase in beta wave was significantly higher than in the F4 area (P=0.04). Conclusions: It could be concluded that time pressure chess training can potentially improve the skill performance of chess players by modulating the activity of beta and gamma waves in the frontal areas, especially (F3).

Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology 2676-6507 13 1 2026 03 21 The effect of six weeks of high-intensity interval training in hot temperature on insulin resistance index and serum leptin in obese men The effect of six weeks of high-intensity interval training in hot temperature on insulin resistance index and serum leptin in obese men 14887 10.22049/jahssp.2024.30134.1700 FA شاهسواری SHAHSAVARI Ahmad Shahsavari. Department of sport science, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad university, Borujerd, Iran. AMIR KHOSRAVI , Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Humanities, Ayatollah Borujerdi University, Borujerd, Iran. Nasser Behpoor Associate professor of sport science faculty, Razi university, Kermanshah, Iran. Journal Article 2024 11 22 Aim: Environmental temperature and exercise are factors that affect body weight regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of high-intensity interval training in hot temperature on insulin resistance index and serum leptin in obese men. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design. 32 young obese men were divided into 4 equal groups; Group 1: training at 22°C (TR22), Group 2: training at 36°C (TR36), Group 3: resting at 22°C (C22), and Group 4: resting at 36°C (C36). The TR36 and TR22 groups performed high-intensity interval training three days a week for 6 weeks at an intensity of 80-85% of heart rate reserve at two different temperatures. In two stages, before and after the intervention, leptin, insulin, serum glucose, and anthropometric indices of the subjects were measured. Statistical analysis of the research data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The results of the present study showed that 6 weeks of interval training in hot temperature a significant decrease in the variables leptin (P = 0.001), insulin (P = 0.001), glucose (P = 0.001), weight (P = 0.001), and body fat percentage (P = 0.001) in the subjects of the TR36 group compared to the control group (C36 group). Also, a direct and significant relationship was observed between changes in body fat percentage in the TR36 group with leptin (TR36 P = 0.031) and insulin (TR36 P = 0.039) concentrations. Conclusion: Performing interval training in hot temperature, unlike normal temperature, reduces leptin, insulin, glucose, fat percentage, and body weight levels in obese individuals. It also seems that the decrease in leptin and insulin levels is related to changes in fat percentage. Aim: Environmental temperature and exercise are factors that affect body weight regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of high-intensity interval training in hot temperature on insulin resistance index and serum leptin in obese men. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design. 32 young obese men were divided into 4 equal groups; Group 1: training at 22°C (TR22), Group 2: training at 36°C (TR36), Group 3: resting at 22°C (C22), and Group 4: resting at 36°C (C36). The TR36 and TR22 groups performed high-intensity interval training three days a week for 6 weeks at an intensity of 80-85% of heart rate reserve at two different temperatures. In two stages, before and after the intervention, leptin, insulin, serum glucose, and anthropometric indices of the subjects were measured. Statistical analysis of the research data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The results of the present study showed that 6 weeks of interval training in hot temperature a significant decrease in the variables leptin (P = 0.001), insulin (P = 0.001), glucose (P = 0.001), weight (P = 0.001), and body fat percentage (P = 0.001) in the subjects of the TR36 group compared to the control group (C36 group). Also, a direct and significant relationship was observed between changes in body fat percentage in the TR36 group with leptin (TR36 P = 0.031) and insulin (TR36 P = 0.039) concentrations. Conclusion: Performing interval training in hot temperature, unlike normal temperature, reduces leptin, insulin, glucose, fat percentage, and body weight levels in obese individuals. It also seems that the decrease in leptin and insulin levels is related to changes in fat percentage.

Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology 2676-6507 13 1 2026 03 21 The effect of eight weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined exercises on inflammatory indicators predicting atherosclerosis and body composition of obese middle-aged women The effect of eight weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined exercises on inflammatory indicators predicting atherosclerosis and body composition of obese middle-aged women 14889 10.22049/jahssp.2025.30063.1692 FA Bita Hookari Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran Nabi Shamsaei Hadi Abdi Department of Sport Sciences, Payam-e Noor University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 10 23 Aim: Atherosclerosis is a chronic and progressive disease whose initial stages begin in childhood and its clinical manifestations appear in the fourth decade of life. Therefore, determining a specific exercise program to provide to people prone to cardiovascular diseases can be important in order to reduce the predictors of atherosclerosis. The current study was designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined exercises on the inflammatory indicators predicting atherosclerosis and the body composition of obese middle-aged women. Methods: Forty obese middle-aged women (BMI ≥ 30) aged 45 to 55 years (47.36±3.64) were selected from eligible individuals after being called and randomly divided into four groups: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, combined exercise, and control grou (10 people per group). The training groups did their own training for 8 weeks and 3 sessions every week. To examine the biochemical variables, blood samples were taken from the subjects before starting the exercises (pre-test) and 48 hours after the end of the exercises (post-test) in fasting conditions. The levels of homocysteine, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein were measured using a Bionik kits. Body composition was also evaluated by body composition device. Results: The results showed that 8 weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined training decreased homocysteine(p=0.001) and CRP blood levels (p=0.001). Also, combined training significantly reduced blood fibrinogen levels (p=0.001) and resistance training significantly reduced blood fibrinogen levels (p=0.01) and body fat percentage (p=0.01). Conclusions: In general, it can be claimed that eight weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined training is effective in improving cardiovascular health and reducing the risk of atherosclerosis by reducing the inflammatory risk factors such as homocysteine, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen. Aim: Atherosclerosis is a chronic and progressive disease whose initial stages begin in childhood and its clinical manifestations appear in the fourth decade of life. Therefore, determining a specific exercise program to provide to people prone to cardiovascular diseases can be important in order to reduce the predictors of atherosclerosis. The current study was designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined exercises on the inflammatory indicators predicting atherosclerosis and the body composition of obese middle-aged women. Methods: Forty obese middle-aged women (BMI ≥ 30) aged 45 to 55 years (47.36±3.64) were selected from eligible individuals after being called and randomly divided into four groups: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, combined exercise, and control grou (10 people per group). The training groups did their own training for 8 weeks and 3 sessions every week. To examine the biochemical variables, blood samples were taken from the subjects before starting the exercises (pre-test) and 48 hours after the end of the exercises (post-test) in fasting conditions. The levels of homocysteine, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein were measured using a Bionik kits. Body composition was also evaluated by body composition device. Results: The results showed that 8 weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined training decreased homocysteine(p=0.001) and CRP blood levels (p=0.001). Also, combined training significantly reduced blood fibrinogen levels (p=0.001) and resistance training significantly reduced blood fibrinogen levels (p=0.01) and body fat percentage (p=0.01). Conclusions: In general, it can be claimed that eight weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined training is effective in improving cardiovascular health and reducing the risk of atherosclerosis by reducing the inflammatory risk factors such as homocysteine, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen.

Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology 2676-6507 13 1 2026 03 21 Investigating the Synergistic Effects of Selenium Nanoparticles and High-Intensity Interval Training on Cognitive Function and BDNF Modulation in Diabetic Rats Investigating the Synergistic Effects of Selenium Nanoparticles and High-Intensity Interval Training on Cognitive Function and BDNF Modulation in Diabetic Rats 14916 10.22049/jahssp.2025.30282.1716 FA Payam Saidie Department of exercise physiology, University of Guilan, Rasht,, Iran Kimia Aliakbari Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran 0009-0009-0558-3501 Journal Article 2025 01 21 Background and Objective: Cognitive decline is a common complication of diabetes that is inadequately addressed by existing treatments. This study investigated the synergistic effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognitive function and neuroprotection in a diabetic rat model. Methods: Male rats (n=31) were induced with diabetes and divided into five groups: control, placebo, treatment with SeNPs (supplement), HIIT (exercise), and combined treatment of SeNPs and HIIT (supplement + excersie). Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze test, and irisin receptor expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels were assessed to assess neuroprotective effects. Results: The results showed that both SeNPs and HIIT significantly enhanced learning and memory and also provided neuroprotective benefits. Notably, treatment groups showed increased expression of irisin receptor in the hippocampus and increased BDNF levels compared to control groups. Conclusion: The combination of SeNPs and HIIT may effectively reduce cognitive decline and promote neuroprotection in diabetic conditions through modulation of irisin and BDNF signaling pathways. Background and Objective: Cognitive decline is a common complication of diabetes that is inadequately addressed by existing treatments. This study investigated the synergistic effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognitive function and neuroprotection in a diabetic rat model. Methods: Male rats (n=31) were induced with diabetes and divided into five groups: control, placebo, treatment with SeNPs (supplement), HIIT (exercise), and combined treatment of SeNPs and HIIT (supplement + excersie). Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze test, and irisin receptor expression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels were assessed to assess neuroprotective effects. Results: The results showed that both SeNPs and HIIT significantly enhanced learning and memory and also provided neuroprotective benefits. Notably, treatment groups showed increased expression of irisin receptor in the hippocampus and increased BDNF levels compared to control groups. Conclusion: The combination of SeNPs and HIIT may effectively reduce cognitive decline and promote neuroprotection in diabetic conditions through modulation of irisin and BDNF signaling pathways.

Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology 2676-6507 13 1 2026 03 21 The effect of Aerobic Training on Anxiety and Serotonin levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats with Alzheimer's disease The effect of Aerobic Training on Anxiety and Serotonin levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats with Alzheimer's disease 14929 10.22049/jahssp.2025.30100.1698 FA Kosar Shams Barkalaei Master's Degree in Sports Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Payam Noor University, Karaj Center, Iran Javad Ramezani Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-1980-5605 Ali Barzegari Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hasan Dashti Khavidaki Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Payam Noor University,. Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 11 02 The positive effects of exercise training on mood and behavioral disorders in Alzheimer's patients as a non-pharmacological approach are of interest to researchers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training on the level of anxiety and serotonin levels in the hippocampus. and the prefrontal cortex of rats suffering from Alzheimer's. Method: 40 male Wistar rats (80-90 days, 237±33 grams) were randomly divided into four groups (N=10): control, training, Alzheimer and Alzheimer+training. They had two weeks of adaptation to the environment and 12 weeks of aerobic training on the treadmill. The Alzheimer's disease model was created at the end of the ninth week by injecting 3 mg/kg of streptozocin into the ventricular region of the brain. After disease induction, aerobic exercise was continued for three weeks. At the end of the training period, the dark and light box test was performed to estimate the anxiety level of the rats, then to separate the hippocampus and prefrontal areas, and finally to measure the amount of serotonin using the MyBio kit and the ELISA technique. To analyze the data, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test (P<0.05) was performed by SPSS software. Results: The anxiety level of the rats in the Alzheimer+training was significantly reduced compared to the Alzheimer's group (P=0.001). The average time and number of entering the light section was higher than the Alzheimer's group. Serotonin levels in the prefrontal region of Alzheimer+training group increased significantly compared to the Alzheimer's group (P=0.001). However, this increase was insignificant in the hippocampus region (P=0.149). In none of the variables, there were no significant difference between Alzheimer+training and the healthy training groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Having an active lifestyle and performing aerobic exercise, by increasing the secretion of serotonin hormone in the prefrontal cortex of the brain, reduces the level of anxiety in Rats with Alzheimer's disease. The positive effects of exercise training on mood and behavioral disorders in Alzheimer's patients as a non-pharmacological approach are of interest to researchers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training on the level of anxiety and serotonin levels in the hippocampus. and the prefrontal cortex of rats suffering from Alzheimer's. Method: 40 male Wistar rats (80-90 days, 237±33 grams) were randomly divided into four groups (N=10): control, training, Alzheimer and Alzheimer+training. They had two weeks of adaptation to the environment and 12 weeks of aerobic training on the treadmill. The Alzheimer's disease model was created at the end of the ninth week by injecting 3 mg/kg of streptozocin into the ventricular region of the brain. After disease induction, aerobic exercise was continued for three weeks. At the end of the training period, the dark and light box test was performed to estimate the anxiety level of the rats, then to separate the hippocampus and prefrontal areas, and finally to measure the amount of serotonin using the MyBio kit and the ELISA technique. To analyze the data, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test (P<0.05) was performed by SPSS software. Results: The anxiety level of the rats in the Alzheimer+training was significantly reduced compared to the Alzheimer's group (P=0.001). The average time and number of entering the light section was higher than the Alzheimer's group. Serotonin levels in the prefrontal region of Alzheimer+training group increased significantly compared to the Alzheimer's group (P=0.001). However, this increase was insignificant in the hippocampus region (P=0.149). In none of the variables, there were no significant difference between Alzheimer+training and the healthy training groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Having an active lifestyle and performing aerobic exercise, by increasing the secretion of serotonin hormone in the prefrontal cortex of the brain, reduces the level of anxiety in Rats with Alzheimer's disease.

Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology 2676-6507 13 1 2026 03 21 The Effect of eight weeks of moderate-intensity continuous and intense interval training on plasma levels of Asprosin, insulin resistance, and some body composition indices in overweight and obese women The Effect of eight weeks of moderate-intensity continuous and intense interval training on plasma levels of Asprosin, insulin resistance, and some body composition indices in overweight and obese women 14930 10.22049/jahssp.2025.30196.1707 FA Mehdi Mogharnasi Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand Rezvane Galdavi Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, P, O Box14665-889, Tehran,Iran Shila Nayebifar Associate Professor, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Karim Dehghani Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, P, O Box14665-889, Tehran,Iran Journal Article 2024 12 23 Aim: Asprosin is a newly identified peptide hormone that is a proteolytic product of a protein called profibrillin. This study aims to examine the effects of eight weeks of moderate-intensity and high-intensity interval training on plasma levels of Asprosin, insulin resistance, and certain body composition indices in overweight and obese women. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental and applied research in which 45 subjects were purposefully selected and randomly divided into three experimental and control groups of 15 subjects each. The training program (high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity interval training) consisted of four and 30 minutes of running, respectively, at 45-60% and 85-95% of maximum heart rate. The first training session was conducted at 45% and 85% of maximum heart rate, respectively, and the intensity of the training was gradually increased by 5% each week. After reaching 60% and 90% of maximum heart rate, respectively, this intensity was maintained until the end of the training program. Blood sampling was performed after 12 hours of fasting in two stages, pre- and post-test, and research variables were measured. To assess the normality of data distribution, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used, and for intra- and inter-group changes, the dependent t-test and covariance analysis were employed at a significance level of( p≤ 0.05). Results The results showed that all the indicators examined in this study had a significant difference between the two training groups and the control group (p<0.05). Also, a significant difference was observed in the changes in asprosin concentration between the two high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training groups (p<0.05). In the intra-group comparison, plasma asprosin levels, body weight, body mass index, fat percentage, and insulin resistance in both training groups in the post-test phase decreased significantly compared to before training (p<0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, given the reduction in Asprosin, insulin resistance, and various body composition indicators, it is recommended that overweight and obese individuals engage in high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training methods to prevent obesity-related diseases. Aim: Asprosin is a newly identified peptide hormone that is a proteolytic product of a protein called profibrillin. This study aims to examine the effects of eight weeks of moderate-intensity and high-intensity interval training on plasma levels of Asprosin, insulin resistance, and certain body composition indices in overweight and obese women. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental and applied research in which 45 subjects were purposefully selected and randomly divided into three experimental and control groups of 15 subjects each. The training program (high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity interval training) consisted of four and 30 minutes of running, respectively, at 45-60% and 85-95% of maximum heart rate. The first training session was conducted at 45% and 85% of maximum heart rate, respectively, and the intensity of the training was gradually increased by 5% each week. After reaching 60% and 90% of maximum heart rate, respectively, this intensity was maintained until the end of the training program. Blood sampling was performed after 12 hours of fasting in two stages, pre- and post-test, and research variables were measured. To assess the normality of data distribution, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used, and for intra- and inter-group changes, the dependent t-test and covariance analysis were employed at a significance level of( p≤ 0.05). Results The results showed that all the indicators examined in this study had a significant difference between the two training groups and the control group (p<0.05). Also, a significant difference was observed in the changes in asprosin concentration between the two high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training groups (p<0.05). In the intra-group comparison, plasma asprosin levels, body weight, body mass index, fat percentage, and insulin resistance in both training groups in the post-test phase decreased significantly compared to before training (p<0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, given the reduction in Asprosin, insulin resistance, and various body composition indicators, it is recommended that overweight and obese individuals engage in high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training methods to prevent obesity-related diseases.

Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology 2676-6507 13 1 2026 03 21 The Effect of Six Weeks of Tart Cherry Juice Consumption Combined with Concurrent Training on Inflammatory Markers, Lipid Profile, and Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Women The Effect of Six Weeks of Tart Cherry Juice Consumption Combined with Concurrent Training on Inflammatory Markers, Lipid Profile, and Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Women 14932 10.22049/jahssp.2025.30243.1712 FA Shakila Rostamzadeh Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. ,University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Saeid Nikoukheslat Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. ,University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Mostafa Khani Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. ,University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2025 01 03 Background& purpose: Obese and overweight women experience a temporary increase in inflammatory markers when starting an training program, and consuming micronutrients such as polyphenols and anthocyanins found in fruits is beneficial in managing this inflammation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of tart cherry juice consumption combined with concurrent training on inflammatory markers, lipid profile, and body composition in overweight and obese women. Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted in a pre-test and post-test design. For this purpose, 26 healthy young women aged 20-35 years with a BMI of 30.6±3.5 kg/m², who had no history of physical activity in the past six months, were recruited through a call and randomly assigned to two groups of 13 participants each: training and training+supplement groups. The concurrent training was performed for six weeks, including resistance training at 55-70% of 1RM and aerobic training at 55-70% of heart rate reserve. The training+supplement group consumed 240 ml of tart cherry juice daily. IL-6, hs-CRP, serum lipid profile, and body composition were measured and analyzed using covariance analysis and paired t-tests at a significance level of P≤0.05. Results: In the within-group comparison, exercise alone resulted in a significant increase in IL-6 (P=0.018) and a significant decrease in TG (P=0.040). TC (P≤0.05), LDL-C (P≤0.05), and BF% (P≤0.001) significantly decreased in both groups. Additionally, in the training+supplement group, HDL-C (P≤0.001) significantly increased, and BMI (P=0.005) significantly decreased. In the between-group comparison, there was a significant decrease in hs-CRP (P=0.003), IL-6 (P=0.010), and SLM (P=0.008), along with a significant increase in HDL-C (P=0.009) in the training+supplement group. Conclusion: Tart cherry juice consumption combined with concurrent training appears to have a significant effect on reducing hs-CRP and IL-6 and increasing HDL-C, which are more pronounced compared to concurrent training alone. Background& purpose: Obese and overweight women experience a temporary increase in inflammatory markers when starting an training program, and consuming micronutrients such as polyphenols and anthocyanins found in fruits is beneficial in managing this inflammation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of tart cherry juice consumption combined with concurrent training on inflammatory markers, lipid profile, and body composition in overweight and obese women. Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted in a pre-test and post-test design. For this purpose, 26 healthy young women aged 20-35 years with a BMI of 30.6±3.5 kg/m², who had no history of physical activity in the past six months, were recruited through a call and randomly assigned to two groups of 13 participants each: training and training+supplement groups. The concurrent training was performed for six weeks, including resistance training at 55-70% of 1RM and aerobic training at 55-70% of heart rate reserve. The training+supplement group consumed 240 ml of tart cherry juice daily. IL-6, hs-CRP, serum lipid profile, and body composition were measured and analyzed using covariance analysis and paired t-tests at a significance level of P≤0.05. Results: In the within-group comparison, exercise alone resulted in a significant increase in IL-6 (P=0.018) and a significant decrease in TG (P=0.040). TC (P≤0.05), LDL-C (P≤0.05), and BF% (P≤0.001) significantly decreased in both groups. Additionally, in the training+supplement group, HDL-C (P≤0.001) significantly increased, and BMI (P=0.005) significantly decreased. In the between-group comparison, there was a significant decrease in hs-CRP (P=0.003), IL-6 (P=0.010), and SLM (P=0.008), along with a significant increase in HDL-C (P=0.009) in the training+supplement group. Conclusion: Tart cherry juice consumption combined with concurrent training appears to have a significant effect on reducing hs-CRP and IL-6 and increasing HDL-C, which are more pronounced compared to concurrent training alone.

Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology 2676-6507 13 1 2026 03 21 The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Soleus Muscle FGF21 Expression and Lipid Profile in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Soleus Muscle FGF21 Expression and Lipid Profile in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet 14935 10.22049/jahssp.2025.30245.1714 FA Mozhgan Rezvani Rad Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Mahdieh Molanouri Shamsi Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Reza Gharakhanlou Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Shahnaz Shahrbanian Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 01 04 Background& purpose: Nowadays, the prevalence of obesity has become a public health concern. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate precise treatment strategies and simultaneously investigate the mechanisms involved. The present study aimed to examine the effect of a high-intensity interval training course on the expression of FGF21 in the soleus muscle and lipid profile in rats fed a high-fat diet. Methods: For this purpose, 24 healthy adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (CON) (N=6), control+exercise (CON+EXE) (N=6), high-fat diet (HFD) (N=6), and high-fat diet+exercise (HFD+EXE) (N=6). Diet and exercise interventions were initiated simultaneously and continued for 10 weeks. HIIT training consisted of eight periods of interval activity (90% MRC for 2.5 min) with active rest periods (50% MRC) for 2.5 min). The PCR_ method was used to examine FGF21 expression in the soleus muscle. Serum lipid indices were also measured. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to examine the normality of the data distribution, and one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Tukey's post hoc test was also used to study pairwise groups. The significance level was set at P<0.05, and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS27 software. Results: By performing HIIT, weight and BMI were reduced, and LDL, cholesterol, HDL, and HDL/LDL ratio were increased in the training groups compared to those in the control group (P=0.001). The expression of FGF21 in the soleus muscle was significantly higher in the training group than in the control group (P=0.001). Conclusions: Ten weeks of HIIT without caloric restriction could potentially increase FGF21 expression and improve lipid profiles and weight loss. Therefore, this type of training can modulate and regulate obesity and its complications, without caloric restriction. Background& purpose: Nowadays, the prevalence of obesity has become a public health concern. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate precise treatment strategies and simultaneously investigate the mechanisms involved. The present study aimed to examine the effect of a high-intensity interval training course on the expression of FGF21 in the soleus muscle and lipid profile in rats fed a high-fat diet. Methods: For this purpose, 24 healthy adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (CON) (N=6), control+exercise (CON+EXE) (N=6), high-fat diet (HFD) (N=6), and high-fat diet+exercise (HFD+EXE) (N=6). Diet and exercise interventions were initiated simultaneously and continued for 10 weeks. HIIT training consisted of eight periods of interval activity (90% MRC for 2.5 min) with active rest periods (50% MRC) for 2.5 min). The PCR_ method was used to examine FGF21 expression in the soleus muscle. Serum lipid indices were also measured. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to examine the normality of the data distribution, and one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Tukey's post hoc test was also used to study pairwise groups. The significance level was set at P<0.05, and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS27 software. Results: By performing HIIT, weight and BMI were reduced, and LDL, cholesterol, HDL, and HDL/LDL ratio were increased in the training groups compared to those in the control group (P=0.001). The expression of FGF21 in the soleus muscle was significantly higher in the training group than in the control group (P=0.001). Conclusions: Ten weeks of HIIT without caloric restriction could potentially increase FGF21 expression and improve lipid profiles and weight loss. Therefore, this type of training can modulate and regulate obesity and its complications, without caloric restriction.

Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology 2676-6507 13 1 2026 03 21 The effect of high-intensity interval training and intermittent fasting on lipolysis markers in liver tissue of rats fed a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet The effect of high-intensity interval training and intermittent fasting on lipolysis markers in liver tissue of rats fed a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet 14939 10.22049/jahssp.2025.30212.1709 FA Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran Saeed Reza Noori Mofrad Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran 0000-0001-6465-1281 Mousa Khalafi Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran 0000-0001-6465-1281 Journal Article 2024 12 25 Background& purpose: Consumption of high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets causes metabolic disorders in the liver. In contrast, exercise and nutritional interventions are effective strategies to improve the destructive effects of these types of diets. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training and intermittent fasting on markers of lipolysis in liver tissue of rats fed a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet. Methods: Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats with 8-week-old were randomly divided into standard diet (ND) groups (6), high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (HFD+HC) (6), high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet plus exercise (HFD+HC+HIIT) (6), high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet plus intermittent fasting (HFD+HC+ADF) (6), and high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet plus exercise and intermittent fasting (HFD+HC+HIIT+ADF) (6). The rats underwent 12 weeks of interventions that included high-intensity interval training (HIIT) 5 sessions per week and intermittent fasting (ADF) consisting of one-day periods between eating and fasting. CPT1 and PPARα protein levels were measured using Western blotting, and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests at a significance level (P≤0.05). Results: The results showed that high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet significantly decreased the protein levels of PPARα and CPT1 in liver tissue of HFD+HC compared to ND group (P<0.05). However, HIIT significantly increased the protein levels of CPT1 in liver tissue compared to HFD+HC group (P=0.04). Also, the combination of HIIT and ADF significantly increased the protein levels of PPARα and CPT1 in liver tissue compared to HFD+HC group (P≥0.05). Conclusions: HIIT and ADF simultaneously had a significant effect on the expression of PPARα and CPT1 and probably prevent liver disorders caused by high-fat diets by improving lipid metabolism. Background& purpose: Consumption of high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets causes metabolic disorders in the liver. In contrast, exercise and nutritional interventions are effective strategies to improve the destructive effects of these types of diets. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training and intermittent fasting on markers of lipolysis in liver tissue of rats fed a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet. Methods: Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats with 8-week-old were randomly divided into standard diet (ND) groups (6), high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (HFD+HC) (6), high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet plus exercise (HFD+HC+HIIT) (6), high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet plus intermittent fasting (HFD+HC+ADF) (6), and high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet plus exercise and intermittent fasting (HFD+HC+HIIT+ADF) (6). The rats underwent 12 weeks of interventions that included high-intensity interval training (HIIT) 5 sessions per week and intermittent fasting (ADF) consisting of one-day periods between eating and fasting. CPT1 and PPARα protein levels were measured using Western blotting, and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests at a significance level (P≤0.05). Results: The results showed that high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet significantly decreased the protein levels of PPARα and CPT1 in liver tissue of HFD+HC compared to ND group (P<0.05). However, HIIT significantly increased the protein levels of CPT1 in liver tissue compared to HFD+HC group (P=0.04). Also, the combination of HIIT and ADF significantly increased the protein levels of PPARα and CPT1 in liver tissue compared to HFD+HC group (P≥0.05). Conclusions: HIIT and ADF simultaneously had a significant effect on the expression of PPARα and CPT1 and probably prevent liver disorders caused by high-fat diets by improving lipid metabolism.

Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology 2676-6507 13 1 2026 03 21 Effect of Aerobic Interval Training on the Expression of Cardiac A20 and CYLD Proteins in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction Effect of Aerobic Interval Training on the Expression of Cardiac A20 and CYLD Proteins in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction 14952 10.22049/jahssp.2025.30394.1723 FA Negar Rostami Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Roghayyeh Afroundeh Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Farnaz Seify Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Ameneh Pourrahim Ghoroughchi Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Journal Article 2025 03 04 Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) is one of the determining factors of cardiovascular disease disorders, which is associated with cell death caused by inflammation and impaired activity of deubiquitinating proteins. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of Interval aerobic training on the expression of A20 and CYLD proteins in the heart tissue of male myocardial infarction model mice.In this experimental study, 30 16-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (healthy), myocardial infarction (MI), and interval training. Myocardial infarction was performed by direct intervention with LAD occlusion for 30 minutes. Interval protocol with moderate intensity of 60 minutes of intermittent running on a treadmill, each interval including 4 minutes of running with an intensity of 65-70% of VO2max and 2 minutes of active recovery with an intensity of 50-60% of VO2max, three days a week and for 8 weeks. Data were compared using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of p<0.05. Result: The result of Tukey's post hoc test for the A20 variable showed that the expression level of this protein in the MI group was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group. Also, the expression level of A20 protein in the interval training+MI group was significantly increased compared to the MI group and the healthy control group. The results showed that although the expression level of CYLD protein in the MI group was reduced compared to the healthy control group; but it was not statistically significant, the expression level of CYLD protein in the interval training+MI group was increased compared to the healthy control and MI groups. Conclusion: Interval aerobic training may prevent inflammation-induced cell death by increasing the expression of cardiac A20 and CYLD proteins. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) is one of the determining factors of cardiovascular disease disorders, which is associated with cell death caused by inflammation and impaired activity of deubiquitinating proteins. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of Interval aerobic training on the expression of A20 and CYLD proteins in the heart tissue of male myocardial infarction model mice.In this experimental study, 30 16-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (healthy), myocardial infarction (MI), and interval training. Myocardial infarction was performed by direct intervention with LAD occlusion for 30 minutes. Interval protocol with moderate intensity of 60 minutes of intermittent running on a treadmill, each interval including 4 minutes of running with an intensity of 65-70% of VO2max and 2 minutes of active recovery with an intensity of 50-60% of VO2max, three days a week and for 8 weeks. Data were compared using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of p<0.05. Result: The result of Tukey's post hoc test for the A20 variable showed that the expression level of this protein in the MI group was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group. Also, the expression level of A20 protein in the interval training+MI group was significantly increased compared to the MI group and the healthy control group. The results showed that although the expression level of CYLD protein in the MI group was reduced compared to the healthy control group; but it was not statistically significant, the expression level of CYLD protein in the interval training+MI group was increased compared to the healthy control and MI groups. Conclusion: Interval aerobic training may prevent inflammation-induced cell death by increasing the expression of cardiac A20 and CYLD proteins.